Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen
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Baron Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen (February 20, 1880–November 5, 1923) was a French aristocrat, a novelist and poet. In 1903, after a scandal involving Parisian schoolboys had made him a persona non grata in the salons and dashed his marriage plans, he took up residence in Capri, where he lived with his longtime boyfriend, Nino Cesarini, until his death in 1923.
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[edit] Early life
Born in Paris, France as Jacques d'Adelswärd, he is related on his paternal side to Axel von Fersen, a Swedish Count who had a relationship with Marie Antoinette. D'Adelswärd took on the name Fersen later in his life out of admiration for the distant relative.
D'Adelswärd-Fersen's grandfather had founded the steel industry in Longwy-Briey, which was profitable enough that it made d'Adelswärd-Fersen exceedingly wealthy when he inherited at age 22. Consequently, he was much sought-after in the higher circles, as families hoped to marry him to one of their daughters.
Apart from joining the military, d'Adelswärd-Fersen already traveled extensively and settled down as a writer. He published several volumes of poems, for instance Chansons Légères, and novels.
As a young man in the beginning of his twenties, his homosexual leanings became apparent to him, which are also relatively clearly addressed in his poetry. Unfortunately, he was not sexually interested in adult men (which at the time in France would not have brought him into legal trouble) but in teenage boys between about 15 and 17 years old, i.e. he preferred pederastic relationships. This inclination eventually caused his undoing in French society.
[edit] The trial
In 1903, accusations surfaced that the Baron had held Black Masses in his house at 18 Avenue de Friedland. Supposedly these orgiastic feasts were among others attended by local Parisian schoolboys and involved sexual misconduct between the Baron and the boys. He was charged with indecent behavior with minors and served a six-month prison sentence, was fined 50 francs and lost his civil rights for five years.
The scandal bears some similarities with the trial of Oscar Wilde in 1895, who also experienced great social degradation after a public trial finding him guilty of "gross indecency with other male persons". Perhaps d'Adelswärd-Fersen was lucky in that his feasts were also attended by other notable figures of Parisian high society, which more or less forced the court to drop some charges to minimize the impact of the scandal.
[edit] On Capri
After his marriage plans were foiled, d'Adelswärd-Fersen remembered the island of Capri from his youth and decided to build a house there. He bought land at the top of a hill in the very northeast of the island, close to where the Roman emperor Tiberius had built his Villa Jovis two millennia earlier. His house, initially called Gloriette, was eventually christened Villa Lysis (later sometimes simply referred to as Villa Fersen) in reference to the Socratic dialogue Lysis discussing friendship, and by our modern notion, homosexual love.
[edit] Lord Lyllian
Lord Lyllian, published in 1905, is one of d'Adelswärd-Fersen's novels and perhaps his most important work, satirizing the scandal around himself in Paris, with touches of the Oscar Wilde affair thrown in for good measure.
The hero, Lord Lyllian, departs on a wild odyssey of sexual debauchery, is seduced by a character that seems awfully similar to Oscar Wilde, falls in love with girls and boys, and is finally killed by a boy. The public outcry about the supposed Black Masses is also caricatured. The work is an audacious mix of fact and fiction, including four characters that are alter egos of d'Adelswärd-Fersen himself.
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[edit] Akademos
Akademos. Revue Mensuelle d'Art Libre et de Critique (1909)[1] was d'Adelsward-Fersen's short-lived attempt at publishing a monthly literary journal. It was magazine of a very luxurious kind, each issue printed on several sorts of deluxe paper, with contributions by many famous authors, like Colette, Henry Gauthier-Villars, Laurent Tailhade, Josephin Peladan, Marcel Boulestin, Maxim Gorky, Georges Eekhoud, Achille Essebac, Claude Farrère, Anatole France, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Henri Barbusse, Jean Moréas and Arthur Symons.
In each issue, very carefully, as is clear from Fersen's letters to Georges Eekhoud[2], a homosexual element was introduced: a poem, an article, or a hint in the magazine's serial Les Fréquentations de Maurice by Boulestin. As a magazin with a homosexual agenda, it was the first publication of its kind in the French language. However, only an estimated 10 % of Akademos may be counted as homosexual. Thematically, as for the gay part, it trod somewhat similar ground as the German journal Der Eigene, published between 1896 and 1931 by Adolf Brand. This is not a coincidence, as d'Adelswärd-Fersen studied the German publications that tried to push for the social acceptance of homosexuality before launching Akademos. Also, he corresponded with both Brand and Magnus Hirschfeld.
Unfortunately, Akademos lasted only one year - there were twelve monthly issues, amounting to some 2000 pages. It is generally thought that the reason for its demise was that its production proved to be too costly for Adelswärd-Fersen. In one of his letters to Eekhoud, Fersen complained of the lack of interest of the press and the reading public[3]. However, other factors like the pressure generated by a hostile attitude of the press or society in general cannot be ruled out entirely.
[edit] References
- ^ See Mirande Lucien: Akademos. Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen et 'la Cause Homosexuelle'. Lille, Cahiers Gay-Kitsch-Camp, 2000 (152 pp.), which reprints some of the key articles of the magazine. Akademos itself is extremely rare nowadays.
- ^ Patrick Cardon: Dossier Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen. Lille, Cahiers Gay-Kitsch-Camp, 1993. P. 59-67
- ^ Cardon p. 66-67
[edit] Further reading
[edit] Biographical
- Patrick Cardon (ed.): Dossier Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen. Lille, Cahiers Gay-Kitsch-Camp, 1993
- Norman Douglas: Looking Back, 1933
- Wolfram Setz [ed.]: Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen – Dandy und Poet. Bibliothek Rosa Winkel, 2006. ISBN 3-935596-38-3
[edit] Fictionalized
- Edwin Cerio: 'Il Marchese di Pommery', c. 1927
- Alfred Jarry: La Chandelle verte, 1969
- Compton Mackenzie: Vestal Fire, 1927
- Xavier Mayne: 'Out of the Sun', 1913
- Roger Peyrefitte: L'Exilé de Capri, 1959
[edit] Film
- Capri – Musik die sich entfernt, oder: Die seltsame Reise des Cyrill K., 1983. — Made-for-TV movie directed by Ferry Radax for the WDR featuring d'Adelswärd-Fersen, Nino Cesarini, and a lot of other historical Capri celebrities.
- [http://www.nicolerenaud.com/videos_eng.htm
Music video of neo soprano, Nicole Renaud, singing Baron Fersen's poem, "Mon Coeur est un Bouquet ...". Shot in super 8 film at Villa Lysic, Capri, by Karine Laval
[edit] Cd
- [http://www.nicolerenaud.com Capri; French "neo soprano" Nicole Renaud, has set 4 poems of Baron Fersen to music. Her Maxi cd "Les Amants solitaires" available online at http://cdbaby.com/renaud and on itunes.
