Human artificial chromosome

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A human artificial chromosome (HAC) is a microchromosome that can act as a new chromosome in a population of human cells. That is, instead of 46 chromosomes, the cell could have 47 with the 47th being very small, roughly 6-10 megabases in size, and able to carry new genes introduced by human researchers. Yeast artificial chromosomes and bacterial artificial chromosomes were invented before human artificial chromosomes, which first appeared in 1997. They are useful in expression studies as gene transfer vectors and are a tool for elucidating human chromosome function. Grown in HT1080 cells, they are mitotically and cytogenetically stable for up to six months.

[edit] History

John J. Harrington, Gil Van Bokkelen, Robert W. Mays, Karen Gustashaw & Huntington F. Willard of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine published the first report of them in 1997. They were first synthesized by combining portions of alpha satellite DNA with telomeric DNA and genomic DNA into linear microchromosomes.

[edit] See also

• bacterial artificial chromosome
• yeast artificial chromosome
• plasmid
• cosmid

[edit] References

• Formation of de novo centromeres and construction of first-generation human artificial microchromosomes in Nature Genetics 15, 345 - 355 (1997) Harrington and Bokkelen et al.

v • d • e Types of nucleic acids Ribonucleic acids RNA | mRNA (pre-mRNA/hnRNA) | tRNA | rRNA | aRNA | gRNA | miRNA | ncRNA | piRNA | shRNA | siRNA | snRNA | snoRNA | tmRNA Deoxyribonucleic acids DNA | cDNA | gDNA | msDNA | mtDNA Nucleic acid analogues GNA | LNA | PNA | TNA | morpholino Cloning vectors phagemid | plasmid | lambda phage | cosmid | P1 phage | fosmid | BAC | YAC | HAC Major families of biochemicals Peptides | Amino acids | Nucleic acids | Carbohydrates | Nucleotide sugars | Lipids | Terpenes | Carotenoids | Tetrapyrroles | Enzyme cofactors | Steroids | Flavonoids | Alkaloids | Polyketides | Glycosides