Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter
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Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter (1430–1475) was a Lancastrian leader during the English Wars of the Roses. He was the only son of John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter and his first wife Lady Anne Stafford. His maternal grandparents were Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford and Anne of Gloucester.
He inherited the dukedom of Exeter when his father died in 1447. A great-grandson of John of Gaunt, he might have had a plausible claim on the throne after the death of Henry VI. However, he was cruel, savagely temperamental and unpredictable, and so had little support.
Exeter was for a time Constable of the Tower of London, and afterwards the rack there came to be called "the Duke of Exeter's daughter".[1] In 1447, he married Anne of York.
His wife was the second child and eldest surviving daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville. She was an older sister of Edward IV of England, Edmund, Earl of Rutland, Elizabeth, Duchess of Suffolk, Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, George, Duke of Clarence and Richard III of England.
In the Wars of the Roses, however, he remained an enemy of the House of York. He was a commander at the great Lancastrian victories at Wakefield and St Albans.
He was also a commander at the Lancastrian defeat at the Battle of Towton. He fled to Scotland after the battle, and then joined Queen Margaret in her exile in France. He was attained in 1461, and his estates were given to his wife, who separated from him in 1464. During the brief period of Henry VI's restoration he was able to regain many of his estates and posts.
At the Battle of Barnet Exeter commanded the Lancastrian left flank. He was badly wounded and left for dead, but survived. Afterwards he was imprisoned, and Anne divorced him in 1474. He "volunteered" to serve on Edward's 1475 expedition to France. On the return voyage he fell overboard and drowned. Some say he was in fact thrown overboard at the king's command.
He had one daughter:
- Anne Holland (c. 1455 – 1475), married Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset
For the complex matter of the disposition of his estates, see Anne of York.
[edit] Notes
- ^ However, Stubbs says it was named after the 2nd duke, who was also constable of the Tower, in his The Constitutional History of England in Its Origin and Development, vol. 3, p. 302
[edit] References
- Griffiths, Ralph A. (1968). "Local Rivalries and National Politics: the Percies, the Nevilles, and the Duke of Exeter, 1452-55". Speculum 43: 589-632.
- Pugh, T.B. (1990). "Richard, duke of York, and the rebellion of Henry Holand, duke of Exeter, in May 1454". Historical Research 63: 248-62.
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Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter
Born: 1430 1475 |
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| English royalty | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter |
Heir to the English Throne as heir presumptive 5 August 1447 - 13 October 1453 |
Succeeded by Edward of Westminster |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by The Duke of Suffolk |
Lord High Admiral 1450–1461 |
Succeeded by The Earl of Kent |
| Peerage of England | ||
| Preceded by John Holland |
Duke of Exeter 1447–1475 |
Succeeded by (extinct) |
