Henri-Georges Clouzot
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| Henri-Georges Clouzot | |
|---|---|
| Born | November 20, 1907 Niort, Deux-Sèvres, Poitou-Charentes, France |
| Died | January 12, 1977 (aged 69) Paris, France |
| Years active | (1931-1968) |
| Spouse(s) | Véra Clouzot (1950-1960) |
Henri-Georges Clouzot (November 20, 1907 - January 12, 1977) was a French film director, screenwriter and producer.
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[edit] Biography
Clouzot was born in Niort, Deux-Sèvres. After studying classics at university, he first attempted to make his living as a journalist. However, in the 1930s, he worked as supervisor for a dubbing film company in Berlin, where he was exposed to the groundbreaking camerawork of the German cinema of the time. On his return to France, he began to work on film scripts, and then made his directorial debut with L'assassin habite au 21 (1942), which starred Pierre Fresnay and Suzy Delair. The film was made for the Continental Film Company, which had been set up in the occupied part of France at the behest of the Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels. Goebbels intended the company to produce pure entertainment, in the hope of keeping French moviegoers content (Hollywood films were banned under the occupation).
Clouzot's next film for Continental, Le Corbeau (1943), also starred Pierre Fresnay alongside popular leading lady Ginette Leclerc. The movie is a noir thriller concerning a spate of poison pen letters in a small French town. Critics have seen this as a comment on life under the occupation, where denunciations were common.[citation needed] After the liberation in 1944, the film became the subject of controversy as to whether it was a subtle work of resistance or an act of collaboration; either way, the film defied Continental's remit for making films with limited intellectual content. Because of the scandal, Clouzot was temporarily suspended from his professional activities in 1945. When he returned to film directing, he won several awards at the Venice Film Festival and Cannes Film Festival with Quai des orfèvres (1947), Manon (1949), and Le Salaire de la Peur (The Wages of Fear) (1952), all of which were also very popular with audiences.
A moviemaker in a classical style, Clouzot was motivated by a perfectionism that sometimes tyrannized his actors.[citation needed] He was a moralist with a pessimistic view of society, as is shown in later films. These include Les Diaboliques (1954), a macabre thriller which presents an ambivalent and ambiguous pair of women, played by Simone Signoret and Véra Clouzot, who plot the murder of a sadistic headmaster (Paul Meurisse), the husband of one and the lover of the other; Le Mystère Picasso (1956), a documentary on the method of the painter and the birth of few of his paintings; and La Vérité (1960), a drama starring Brigitte Bardot.
Henri-Georges Clouzot died in Paris on January 12, 1977.
In 1994, Claude Chabrol adapted and filmed a screenplay, L'Enfer, of a movie that Clouzot had been unable to finish 30 years before.
[edit] Awards & Nominations
- Quai des orfèvres (1947)
- Venice Film Festival International Award for Best Director Winner
- Manon (1949)
- Venice Film Festival Golden Lion Winner
- Le Salaire de la Peur (1953)
- Berlin Film Festival Golden Bear Winner
- Cannes Film Festival Grand Prix du Festival International du Film Winner
- Le Mystère Picasso (1956)
- Cannes Film Festival Prix du Jury Winner
[edit] Filmography
[edit] Feature Films
- Caprice de Princesse (1933) Co-director
- Tout pour l'amour (1933) Co-director
- L'assassin habite au 21 (The Murderer Lives at Number 21) (1942)
- Le Corbeau (The Raven) (1943)
- Quai des orfèvres (Quay of the Goldsmiths) (1947)
- Manon (1949)
- Retour à la vie (Return to Life) (1949) (segment "Le Retour de Jean")
- Voyage en Brésil (1950) Unfinished
- Miquette et sa mère (1950)
- Le Salaire de la Peur (The Wages Of Fear) (1953)
- Les Diaboliques (Diabolique) (1955)
- Les Espions (The Spies) (1957)
- La Vérité (The Truth) (1960)
- L'Enfer (1964) Unfinished
- La Prisonnière (Female Prisoner) (1968)
[edit] Documentary Films
- Le Mystère Picasso (The Mystery of Picasso) (1956)
- Messa da Requiem von Giuseppe Verdi (Giuseppe Verdi: Requiem) (1966)
[edit] Short Films
- La Terreur des Batignolles (1931)
[edit] External links
- Henri-Georges Clouzot at the Internet Movie Database
- Clouzot Bibliography (via UC Berkeley
- Page on Henri-Georges Clouzot, in English
- Page on Henri-Georges Clouzot, in French (more comprehensive)
- Optimum Releasing H.G. Clouzot Release
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