Habonim Dror
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Habonim Dror (Hebrew: הבונים דרור; Translation: 'The Builders - Freedom') is a Socialist-Zionist youth movement formed by the merger in 1982 of the Habonim and Dror youth movements.
Habonim Dror's sister movement in Israel is 'Hanoar Haoved Vehalomed' - the Working and Studying Youth.
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[edit] Ideology
Like other movements, Habonim Dror is founded on a set of ideological principles which its members ideally hold in common and strive towards. Although each branch of the movement around the world composes and reviews its own set of principles, Habonim internationally is based on some mix of Cultural Judaism, Zionism, and Socialism.
As didactic tools, Habonim Dror North America employs five "pillars":
- Progressive Labour Zionism – the belief in the State of Israel and the return to it
- Cultural Judaism
- Socialism – working for collective good through communal living; equality and social justice
- Actualization (Hagshama) – acting on one's beliefs, Activism
- Social Justice – acting in the a new social order based on the principals of self-determination, individual freedom, political democracy, and cooperative economics, the equality of all people and the equality of human value
The fundamental principles of the movement are reviewed, amended and voted on at the World Veida (mass convention) of the movement that occurs in Israel every four years. The following is taken from the last Veida which took place in 2006:
The chalutzic youth movement, Habonim Dror believes in the socialist Zionist vision based in these fundamental principles:
1. Fostering a just, democratic and equal society belonging to all of its citizens.
- Vayikra (XXIV, 22) You shall have one manner of law, as well for the stranger as for the homeborn, for I am the Lord your God.
2. The Jewish people has an historic link with the Land of Israel. The State of Israel is the spiritual centre of the Jewish people. Only here can the Jewish people carry out a collective life of creativity, responsibility and sovereignty.
- Bereishit (XII, 1-2) Now the Lord said unto Abraham: ‘Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred and from they father’s house, unto the land I will show thee. And I will make of thee, and make thy name great, and be thou a blessing.’
3. The State of Israel is a multi-cultural society and because of this must allow the full cultural, religious and institutional expression of all its different citizens.
- Bamidbar (XI, 29) And Moses said unto him: ‘Art thou jealous for my sake? Would that all the Lord’s people were prophets, that the Lord would put his spirit on them!’
4. Fostering an Israeli society which promotes equality of opportunity and equality in society for all of its citizens.
- Vayikra (XIX, 13-14) Thou shalt not oppress thy neighbour, nor rob him; the wages of a hired servant shall not abide with thee all night until the morning. Thou shalt not curse the deaf, nor put a stumbling block before the blind.
5. Peace, cooperation and good neighbourly relations with the peoples of the region.
- Bereishit (XIII, 8-9) And Abraham said unto Lot: ‘Let there be no strife, I pray thee, between me and thee, and between my herdsmen and they herdsmen; for we are brethren. Is not the whole land before thee? Separate thyself, I pray thee, from me; if thou wilt take the left hand, then I will go to the right; or if thou take the right hand, then I will go to the left.’
6. Nurturing a new conception of Judaism suitable for the needs of our times, with cooperation and mutual respect between all the strands of Judaism.
- Devarim (XXX, 12-14) It is not in heaven, that you should say: ‘Who shall go up for us to heaven, and bring it to us, and make us to hear it that we may do it?’ Neither is it beyond the sea that you should say: ‘Who shall go over the sea for us, and bring it unto us, and make us to hear it, that we may do it?’ But the word is very near to you, in your mouth, and in your heart, that you may do it.
7. Development of a prospering welfare state based on the development of what is ours, and conservation of the environment.
- Bereishit (II, 15) And the Lord took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.
8. Habonim Dror will fight against assimilation in all communities in the diaspora, through informal Jewish Zionist education.
The principles of Habonim Dror commit its members to see themselves as pioneers in the realization and creation of a democratic and equal society in the State of Israel. These principles express not just a viewpoint, but a way of life. Members of the movement will strive to found and strengthen new social frameworks for solidarity, such as kibbutzim, communes, and other cooperative frameworks, as a means to realizing these principles.
In addition, each movement around the world have their own platforms too. Those of Habonim Dror North America are shown below to help elaborate on some of the movement's ideology:
- To upbuild the State of Israel as a progressive, egalitarian, cooperative society, at peace with its neighbors; actively involved in a Peace Process with the Palestinian people with the common goal of a just and lasting peace; and as the physical and spiritual center of the Jewish people. To this end, Habonim Dror calls first and foremost for Aliya to communal and collective frameworks that actively work to achieve the aforementioned goal. In addition, HDNA also calls for active involvement in progressive Zionist and Jewish issues in Diaspora communities.
- To strengthen the relationship between North American Jewish youth and Judaism through their involvement in progressive Jewish communities with the purpose of enlisting their participation in the upbuilding of a renewed Jewish culture. This will be accomplished by the development of individual Jewish identities by means of promoting the exploration of Jewish spirituality, the full expression of the Hebrew language, an understanding of Jewish history and a personal relationship with Israel.
- To participate in the creation of a new social order throughout the world, based on the principles of self-determination, individual freedom, political democracy, and cooperative economics, the equality of all people and the equality of human value.
- To participate in constructive activities in the North American Jewish community while advocating change where necessary to foster Jewish continuity and creativity and the democratization of the community.
- To develop within its members the will to realize their own capabilities and a feeling of responsibility for themselves and their movement.
Habonim Dror's semel (emblem) comprises a wheat sheaf in a Star of David, symbolising the roots of the organisation in Labour Zionism and in building the Kibbutz movement.
[edit] Emblem
The emblem (semel, in Hebrew: סמל) is symbolic of many things: the grain in its center symbolizes labour, the figure in its center shows the importance of people to the movement. The figure's arms are raised up, symbolizing the importance of aliya - of moving to Israel; the word aliya derives from the Hebrew word meaning to go up or rise. The Star of David symbolizes Judaism, and the graphic leans to the left to show the leftward leaning of the Habonim Dror movement. The red color is a reminder of the movement's socialist roots and ideals, while the circle represents that it is a world-wide movement. Some believe that the top of the stalk of wheat design is divided into five parts to represetn the five pillars which some of the branches of the movement employ. Because the five pillars are not used in all branches of the movement, this is not an official element of the overall design.
[edit] History
Habonim was founded in London by Wellesley Aron and Norman Lourie in 1929. It was modeled after the Wandervogel movements in Germany. Its aim was to found and inhabit Kibbutzim in Mandatory Palestine, later Israel. In 1930, Lourie founded Habonim Southern Africa, with the first camp taking place at Parys in 1931. The idea soon spread to other English speaking countries and finally throughout the Jewish world. The movement was responsible for founding, amongst others, Kfar Blum, Kfar Hanasi, Beit Haemek, Mevo Hama, Tuval and Gesher Haziv. The ideals of Habonim were promoted through weekly activities and summer camps. As the kibbutz movement ideals find themselves in decline Habonim has sought to redefine its aims towards settlement in urban communes (kvutsot) in Israel. In the 1980s it merged with a similar movement and is now known as Habonim-Dror.
Dror was founded in Poland in 1915 out of a wing of the Tze'irei Tziyon (Zion Youth) study circle - the majority of Tze'irei Tziyon had merged with a group called Hashomer in 1913 to form Hashomer Hatzair - those who remained outside of the new group formed Dror. The group was influenced by the teachings of the Russian Narodniks.
Dror went on to become a driving force behind the Warsaw Ghetto uprising. Mordechai Tennenbaum, a Dror member, rallied two underground factions in the Bialystok Ghetto to take up arms.
Dror was aligned with the Kibbutz Me'Uchad network while Habonim was aligned with the Ichud kibbutzim. When the two kibbutz movements merged in 1980 to form the United Kibbutz Movement (TaKa"M), so did their respective youth movements.
Famous graduates of the two movements include Golda Meir, Mike Leigh, Mordechai Richler, Jonathan Freedland, Stanley Fischer, Chaim Herzog, Tony Judt, Sacha Baron Cohen, Seth Rogen (40-Year Old Virgin, Knocked Up), Daniel and Joel Kaushansky, Dan Patterson and Mark Leveson, producers of Whose Line Is It Anyway?, Alexander Bickel, Leonard Fein (columnist of The Forward and founding editor of Moment (magazine)), J.J. Goldberg (editor-in-chief of The Forward), David Twersky (columnist with the New York Sun), Mark Regev, Shuli Egar, Guy Spigelman, Tooker Gomberg and Baroness Deech.
[edit] Today
Today, Habonim Dror exists in twenty-one countries worldwide, and continues to promote Socialist-Zionism by supporting and building both rural and urban communes in Israel dedicated to improving Israeli society. It is aligned with the United Kibbutz Movement which recently merged with the Kibbutz Artzi Federation aligned with the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement. As a result of this merger, the two youth movements have increased their level of co-operation where previously they had been rivals. Traditionally, Hashomer Hatzair is the more left-wing of the two and has been aligned with left wing Zionist parties such as Mapam and Meretz where Habonim has been aligned with Mapai and the Labour Party. Hashomer Hatzair has also been more aggressively secular than Habonim.
[edit] Reevaluation of ideological fulfillment
For the majority of the history of Habonim and Dror, the ultimate expression of the movement's ideology was "chalutzik kibbutz aliyah", immigrating to Israel to build or join a new kibbutz. Many hundreds of graduates of Habonim and Dror indeed achieved this aim, primarily in garinim, groups which built and reinforced about 40 kibbutzim around Israel between the 1930s and the 1980s.
With the decline of the Kibbutz Movement, along with socialist movements in general, the 1980s and 1990s experienced a lull in ideological fulfillment (hagshama) for graduates of Habonim Dror. The very concept of hagshama itself even became diluted to form a rather pluralist interpretation of Hagshama Atzmit (Self-Fulfilment), which diverged from the movement concept of common ideological pursuit in favour of personal choice.
In 1996/7 (at the 'Emergency Asepha' in December, and then at 'Veida in Israel' at Pesach) a struggle for the reinterpretation and renewal of the Hagshama concept within Habonim Dror began in the United Kingdom. Such discussions also began in North America (1998) and then spread to Australia, New Zealand and South Africa in 1999–2000. The redefinition of Hagshama involved a methodological shift towards "urban kibbutz" or irbutz, which replaced physical settlement with social activism as a new, more relevant, version of the Socialist-Zionist pioneering in Israel.
This shift was influenced by Habonim Dror's new contact with the urban kibbutz Tamuz in Beit Shemesh, and by the renewal of ties with the new graduate movement kvutzot of Hanoar Haoved Vehalomed in Israel. These theoretical debates, which took place in the democratic forums of the youth movement around the world, have since resulted in the actual creation of new socialist Kvutsot in Israel, built by graduates of the Habonim Dror youth movement:
- Kvutsat Yovel began in 1999, and comprises graduates of Habonim Dror from the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Australia and Canada. They live in a kibbutz of 10 communes in Migdal Ha'Emek and Upper Nazareth in the Galilee, totalling about 90 members.
- Three additional kvutsot (Kvutsat Gal Bniya, Kvutsat Hemshech and Kvutsat Zeeq) that were all founded in 2004 merged in May 2006 to form an 8-member group in Hadera called Kvutsat Ogen.
- Kvutsat Hulia is a new Habonim Dror kvutsah that resides in Netanya and includes movement graduates from Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay.
- Kvutzat Aseef is the newest Habonim Dror kvutzah, living in Tel Aviv. Distinct from the kvutzot in that it includes North Americans considering aliyah, a former shlichah, along with olim from the United States.
Collectively these communes form the basis of the Habonim Dror Tnuat Bogrim (Graduates' Movement) network in Israel, together with other new immigrants from Habonim Dror around the world who live in traditional city and kibbutz communities.
[edit] Countries in which Habonim Dror operates
- Argentina
- Australia [1]
- Belgium [2]
- Brazil [3] [4]
- Canada [5]
- France
- Germany [6]
- The Netherlands [7]
- Hungary [8]
- Mexico [9]
- New Zealand [10]
- Russia
- South Africa [11]
- Sweden
- Turkey
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom [12]
- United States [13]
- Uruguay [14]
- South Africa [15]
[edit] Habonim Dror North America
Habonim in North America was founded in April 1935 by the youth arm of the Poale Zion Party at a convention in Buffalo, NY. At its height, the movement had over 2,000 campers attending eleven summer camps throughout the U.S. and Canada. Today, Habonim Dror North America (HDNA) runs many programs during the year, including a biannual veida (a mass meeting with representatives from around the movement), local events in central cities, kibbutzim in Israel, a year long program in Israel (called Workshop), and many other ideology-focused gatherings.
HDNA also runs 7 summer camps across the continent. These have become a large part of the movement, and in most cases are more important to members than local meetings (called ken meetings). The seven camps are as follows:
- Camp Galil (Ottsville, Pennsylvania, USA)
- Camp Gesher (Cloyne, Ontario, Canada)
- Camp Gilboa (California, USA)
- Camp Miriam (Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada)
- Camp Moshava (Street, Maryland, USA)
- Camp Na'aleh [16] (Sidney, New York, USA)
- Camp Tavor (Three Rivers, Michigan, USA)
Some now defunct camps and Habonim hachshara farms are:
- Camp Bonim (Dallas, Texas)
- Cream Ridge Farm (Upper Freehold, New Jersey)
- Smithville Farm (Smithville, Ontario)
- Camp Amal (Vermont 1948-49, Na'aleh 1950, Cream Ridge 1951, Moshava 1952, Galil 1953)
- Camp Tel Hai (New Buffalo, Michigan)
- Camp Yad Ari (Waupaca, Wisconsin)
- Camp Kinneret (Chelsea, Michigan)
- Camp Tel Natan (Troy, Missouri)
- Camp Kvutzah Gimli (Gimli, Manitoba)
- Camp Kvutzah Montreal (St. Faustin, Quebec)
- Camp Tel Ari (New York)
Additionally, a five week trip, named Machaneh Bonim in Israel (MBI) is a summer tour of Israel for 16-year-olds (summer after 10th grade). Students from the seven camps spend time together and learn about Israel and the movement.
HDNA publishes B'tnua, the movement's quarterly magazine. The editors (Rakazei Tnua Bet) are George Stevens and Adam Levi.
Habonim Dror has collaborated with Hashomer Hatzair and other left-wing Zionist groups to form the Union of Progressive Zionists campus network.
[edit] Habonim Dror Australia
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For more information, see Habonim Dror Australia.
Habonim Dror has four kenim (branches) around Australia. They are in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth. Each Ken holds weekly meetings, regular seminars and two camps each year (winter and summer), with chaverim (members) from all of Australia coming together for senior summer camp.
Every year chanichim (members) travel to Israel for a year on Shnat Hachshara le'Hadracha, commonly referred to as Shnat, where they receive extensive education and actively carry out movement aims and discuss group issues. This is considered the pinnacle of education for members and is part of the natural progression in the movement. Australian and New Zealand Shnat participants spend the year together.
[edit] Habonim Dror Brazil
The movement arrived in Brazil by influences of the Argentine activists, and began in Porto Alegre (Southern Brazil) in 1945. Within a few years, Habonim reached Curitiba, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Some time later, it arrived in Recife, Salvador and Belo Horizonte.
At these seven branches across the country, Habonim runs weekly activities for children, teenagers and young adults from 7 to 22 years old, as well as weekly-long Machanot (camps) in Summer and Winter. Also twice a year is held the National Machaneh.
Once in a four-year cycle, a Veidah Artzit (National Convention) is held, comprising a meeting of all the senior members of the National Movement. The Veidah has powers to modify HD Brazil's ideological platform, as long as it doesn't oppose to the World Movement's principles.
[edit] Habonim Dror Southern Africa
Habonim Dror Southern Africa (HDSA) was founded in 1930 by Norman Lourie. HDSA annually hosts a summer camp with over 1000 people – the largest in the southern hemisphere – at their campsite in Onrus outside Cape Town. As well as weekly meetings and other national events, HDSA coordinates tours to Israel for 16 year-olds and school-leavers.
Its two primary kenim (branches) are based in Cape Town and Johannesburg, although the movement operates across the country.
In 2005, Habonim Dror SA celebrated its 75th anniversary. Over 1,300 current and former members met at Kibbutz Yizre'el in northern Israel, for what was likely the largest ever reunion of South African Jewry. In Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg, the movement hosted then Israeli Housing Minister Isaac Herzog.
Leadership as of 01/09/2008:
- Manhig (executive chairman): Errol Anstey
- Mazkir Klali (Secretary General): Adam Sack
- S'gan Mazkir Klali (Deputy Secretary General): Ilan Strauss
- Rosh Cape Town (chairman): Daniel Linde
- S'gan Rosh Cape Town (Deputy Chairman): Yoni Bass
- Rosh Bogrim Cape Town (Head of Councillors): Jodi Wishnia
- S'gan Rosh Bogrim Cape Town(Deputy Head of Councillors): Dylan Lazarus
- Rosh Johannesburg: Etai Miller
- S'gan Rosh Johannesburg: Lisa Cohen
- Rosh Bogrim Johannesburg: Craig Nudelman
- S'gan Rosh Bogrim Johannesburg: Jayson Lazar
- Shaliach (Israeli youth leader): Moshe Lederman
The movement has made some steps towards social relevance and activity in the "New South Africa" while constantly reexamining its role vis-a-vis Israel and socialism.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Habonim Olami – World Habonim
- HDUK – Habonim Dror United Kingdom Homepage
- Habonim Dror Holland
- Habonim Dror Southern Africa – Habonim Dror Southern Africa
- Habonim Reunited – Reunite with past HDSA chevre!
- Habonim Dror São Paulo, Brasil – Habonim Dror São Paulo, Brasil
- Habonim Dror Rio de Janeiro, Brasil – Habonim Dror Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Habonim Dror Mexico Habonim Dror Mexico
- HDNA – Habonim Dror North America Homepage
- B'tnua – HDNA's movement magazine
- HDOZ – Habonim Dror Australia Homepage
- Habonim Dror Aotearoa New Zealand Habonim Dror Aotearoa New Zealand
- HDHU – Habonim Dror Hungary Homepage
- Habonim Dror Nancy, France
- habonim dror france - belgium !
