Green Ukraine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Zeleny Klyn (Ukrainian: Зелений клин) or Zelena Ukraina was an area of land settled by Ukrainians which is a part of the Far east Siberia in the area of the Amur river and the Pacific ocean.
After the Russian Revolution of 1917, The Ukrainian Republic of the Far East or Green Ukraine was a projected country in the former Russian Far East.
After the Bolshevik Far Eastern Republic was established on April 6, 1920, Far Eastern areas with an ethnic Ukrainian majority attempted to secede and establish an entity called Green Ukraine. The movement quickly proved abortive.
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[edit] Historical outline
- 24 Jun 1917 -First All-Ukrainian Far Eastern Congress at Nikolsk-Ussuriysky formed the Far Eastern Kray Rada (Council).
- Jan 1918 - Second All-Ukrainian Far Eastern Congress at Khabarovsk. Green Ukraine was proclaimed as part of Ukrainian State in spite of the lack of geographical connection.
- Apr 1918 - The Third All-Ukrainian Far Eastern Congress asked for creation of an independent Ukrainian state on the Pacific Ocean.
- 11 Apr 1920 - Order of Hetman G. Semyonov about the right of Far Eastern Ukrainians for national self-determination and autonomy in the limits of united Far Eastern state of Cossacks, Buryats, and Ukrainians
- 1922 - Dissolved.
Head of the Kray Secretariat
- June 1918-1919 - Yuri Mova-Glushko (1st time)
- January 1920-1922 - Yuri Mova-Glushko (2nd time)
[edit] Territory
Near the Amur river, Ussuriland, around Khabarovsk and north of Vladivostock.
[edit] Creed
Most of the Slavic population were Christians, the local Tungusic tribesmen followed local religions and there were also some Yiddish Jews who practiced the Jewish faith as well.
[edit] Hydrography
It would have had a coastline similar to that of the Far Eastern Republic.
[edit] History of Settlement
The Zeleny Klyn (Ukrainian: Зелений клин) or Zelena Ukraina was an area of land settled by Ukrainians which is a part of the Far east Siberia in the area of the Amur river and the Pacific ocean. It was named by the Ukrainian settlers. The territory consists of over 1,000,000 square kilometres and has a population of 3.1 million (1958). The Ukrainian population in 1926 made up 41%-47% of the population.
Zeleny Klyn became part of the Russian Empire much later than Siberia and other part of the Far East. The first attempts at colonizing the area date back to the mid 17th century when Khabarov founded a fort on the Amur river Albazin. From that time constant skirmishes had taken place with the Manzhurians of China. In 1669 the treaty of Nichersk was signed which only gave Russia the territories of the Amur basin.
In the mid 19th century the second Russian expansion took place after Russia lost the war in Crimea 1853-56. A number of Cossack settlements were established on the Amur river. China was far weaker than Russia at the time and ceded territory to Russia in the Aigunsky treaty of 1853 and the Primorsky treaty of 1860.
During this period only a small number of settlers settled in the region consisting of some 14,000 Cossacks and 2,500 Russian soldiers. In 1861 two oblasts were established the Primorsky and Amursky. Vladivostok was founded in 1860, Khabarovsk in 1858.
In 1882 free transportation was announced for settles to the area from Ukraine and free land was offered to settlers. Boatloads of settlers departed from the Ukrainian port of Odessa. By 1897 the population had increased to 310 000. With the establishment of the railroad in 1901 over 14 000 settlers were moving to the area per year, with a maximum of 78 000 settlers moving there in 1907.
In 1914 the area came under the jurisdiction of admiral Kolchak. In 1920 the Far East Republic was established which became a buffer republic between Russia and Japan. In 1922 the republic joined with the Russian Socialist Republic. In 1934 the Jewish Autonomous Oblast region was established with its capital of Birobidzhan .
[edit] Demography
[edit] Ukrainian community
[edit] See also
- Japanese-planned Republic of the Far East
- Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
- Siberian Intervention
- Far Eastern Republic
- Siberian Intervention
- Ukrainians in Russia
- Ussuriland
[edit] Sources
Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Volume 2, Paris 1957
[edit] External links
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