George Sale
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George Sale (1697, Kent, England–1736, London, England) was an Orientalist and practicingsolicitor. Besides helping with this project, he was author of The General Dictionary, in ten volumes, folio, but is widely known by his translation of the Qur'an. Sale was, until his death, a member of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. He acquired a library with valuable rare manuscripts of Persian, Turkish, and Arabic origins (which is now held in the Bodleian library, Oxford). His family consisted of a wife and five children.
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[edit] Biography
Sale was a scholar of considerable literary talent, but very few particulars have been transmitted to us by his contemporaries. He was educated at the King's School, Canterbury. In 1720, he became a student of the Inner Temple.
Sale reportedly spent 25 years in Arabia, thus acquiring his knowledge of the Arabic language and customs during this time; but evidence of dates and facts refute this, such notion are dismissed as fictions by which biography have often been encumbered and disgraced. It is known that he trained as a solicitor in his early years but took time off from his legal pursuits (returning as need to this profession). He took the time to apply himself in the study of the eastern and other languages, both ancient and modern. Mr. Dadichi, the king's interpreter, helped Sale in his studies of oriental dialects. Sale was an early members of a society that was established for the encouragement of learning. The society helped finance the cost of publishing for authors. Sale was also a corrector of the Arabic New Testament (1726) issued by the S. P. C. K..
In 1734, the Oriental scholar published the translation of the Qur'an, dedicated to John Lord Carteret. This was an English translation of the Islamic civil code. Sale provided numerous notes and a "Preliminary Discourse" which was manifest with in-depth knowledge of Eastern habits, manners, traditions, and laws. Voltaire bestowed high praise on Sale's version of the Koran. Sale did not, however, place Islam at an equal level with Christianity. He stated,
As Mohammed gave his Arabs the best religion he could, preferable, at least, to those of the ancient pagan lawgivers, I confess I cannot see why he deserves not equal respect, though not with Moses or Jesus Christ, whose laws came really from heaven, yet with Minos or Numa, notwithstanding the distinction of a learned writer, who seems to think it a greater crime to make use of an imposture to set up a new religion, founded on the acknowledgment of one true God, and to destroy idolatry, than to use the same means to gain reception to rules and regulations for the more orderly practice of heathenism already established.
He assisted in the writing of the Universal History published in London from 1747 to 1768. When the plan of universal history was arranged, Sale was one of those who were selected to carry it into execution. Sale wrote the chapter, "The Introduction, containing the Cosmogony, or Creation of the World". Critics of the time accused Sale of having a view which was hostile to tradition and the Scriptures. They attacked his account of Cosmogony as having a view giving currency to heretical opinions.
Sale became seriously ill for eight days before his death. Sale died, at Surrey-street, Strand, of fever on November 13, 1736. Sale was buried at St. Clement Danes.
[edit] See also
[edit] External articles
[edit] Websites
- Works by George Sale at Project Gutenberg
- The Nativity of Jesus, Blesséd be He, in the Koran, Part 2 - George Sale - translation 1734.
- Online Quran Project includes the Quran translation of George Sale.
- The Koran by George Sale
[edit] Books
- The Koran, First Edition, 1734. (ed. high resolution scans from the Posner Memorial Collection.)
- George Sale (Translator) and Claude Etienne Savary (illustrator), "The Koran: Commonly Called the Alcoran of Mohammed". J.W. Moore, 1856. 670 pages
- George Sale, et al., "Sacred Books of the East: With Critical and Biographical Sketches". Colonial Press, 1900. 457 pages
- Sale, George, Bower, Archibald and Psalmanazar, George; "An Universal History, from the Earliest Account of Time". Millar, 1747.
- George Sale, "Selections from the Koran of Mohammed". Priv. print. by N.H. Dole, 1904. 211 pages.
- George Sale, et al., "Arabic Reading Lessons: Consisting of Easy Extracts from the Best Authors". Wm. H. Allen, 1864. 103 pages.
This article incorporates public domain text from: Cousin, John William (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London, J.M. Dent & sons; New York, E.P. Dutton.
