Francis Ford Coppola
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| Francis Ford Coppola | |||||||||||||||||||
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.jpg/200px-Francis_Ford_Coppola(CannesPhotoCall).jpg) Francis Ford Coppola at Cannes 2001 |
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| Born | April 7, 1939 Detroit, Michigan, U.S. |
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| Occupation | film director, producer and screenwriter | ||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse(s) | Eleanor Jessie Neil (1963-present) | ||||||||||||||||||
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Francis Ford Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award-winning American film director, producer, and screenwriter. Coppola is also a vintner, magazine publisher, and hotelier. He is a graduate of Hofstra University where he studied theatre. He earned an M.F.A. in film directing from the UCLA Film School. He is most renowned for directing the highly regarded Godfather trilogy, The Conversation, and the Vietnam War epic Apocalypse Now.
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[edit] Biography
[edit] Childhood
Coppola was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Italia (née Pennino) and arranger/composer Carmine Coppola, who, at the time, was the first flautist for the Detroit Symphony Orchestra. He was the second of three children (his sister is actress Talia Shire). Two years later, Carmine became the first flautist for the NBC Symphony Orchestra and the family moved to New York City, finding a home in Woodside, Queens, where Francis spent the remainder of his childhood.
Coppola had poliomyelitis, or polio, as a boy, leaving him bedridden for large periods of his childhood, and allowing him to indulge his imagination with homemade puppet theater productions. Using his father's 8mm movie camera, he began making movies when he was 10. He studied theatre at Hofstra University and graduated from the University in 1960, prior to earning a Master of Fine Arts degree in film direction from UCLA Film School. There, he made numerous short films. While in UCLA's Film Department, Francis met Jim Morrison, whose music was used later in Apocalypse Now.
[edit] Family
Coppola often worked with family members on his films. He cast his two sons in The Godfather as extras during the street fight scene and Don Corleone's funeral; his daughter, Sofia Coppola, appeared in all installments of the series(the first two movies with uncredited roles). His sister, Talia Shire, played Connie Corleone in all three Godfather films. His father Carmine, a composer and professional musician, co-wrote much of the music in The Godfather, The Godfather Part II, and Apocalypse Now. His nephew, Nicolas Cage, starred in Coppola's film Peggy Sue Got Married and was featured in Rumble Fish and The Cotton Club.
His eldest son, Gian-Carlo Coppola, was in the early stages of a film production career when he was killed on May 26, 1986 in a speedboat accident. Coppola's surviving son, Roman Coppola, is a filmmaker and music video director whose filmography includes the feature film CQ and music videos for The Strokes, as well as co-writing the Wes Anderson film The Darjeeling Limited.
Coppola's daughter, Sofia Coppola, is an Academy Award-winning writer and -nominated director. Her films include the critically-acclaimed films The Virgin Suicides and Lost in Translation. In 2004, she became the first American woman to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director, for Lost in Translation.
Other famous members of Coppola's family include his nephews, Jason Schwartzman and Robert Schwartzman. Jason Schwartzman has starred in several films, such as Rushmore and Slackers. He also co-wrote (along with director Wes Anderson and cousin Roman Coppola) and starred in the 2007 film The Darjeeling Limited. His brother, Robert Schwartzman, is the lead singer in the band Rooney and has made small appearances in several films, including his cousin's The Virgin Suicides.
In recent years, Coppola, with his family, has expanded his business ventures to include winemaking in California's Napa Valley at the Rubicon Estate Winery in Rutherford, California. His company, Francis Ford Coppola Presents, owns a winery in Geyserville, Sonoma County, California. The company also produces a line of pastas and pasta sauces, and it owns several cafes and resorts.
[edit] 1960s
In the early 1960s, Coppola started his professional career making low-budget films with Roger Corman and writing screenplays. His first notable motion picture was made for Corman, the low-budget Dementia 13. After graduating to mainstream motion pictures with You're a Big Boy Now, Coppola was offered the reins of the movie version of the Broadway musical Finian's Rainbow, starring Petula Clark, in her first American film, and veteran Fred Astaire. Producer Jack Warner was nonplussed by Coppola's shaggy-haired, bearded, "hippie" appearance and generally left him to his own devices. He took his cast to the Napa Valley for much of the outdoor shooting, but these scenes were in sharp contrast to those obviously filmed on a Hollywood soundstage, resulting in a disjointed look to the film. Dealing with outdated material at a time when the popularity of film musicals was already on the downslide, Coppola's end result was only semi-successful, but his work with Clark no doubt contributed to her Golden Globe Best Actress nomination. During this period, Coppola lived for a time with his wife and growing family in Mandeville Canyon in Brentwood, California, according to author Peter Biskind in Easy Riders, Raging Bulls (Touchstone Books, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1998).
[edit] 1970s
[edit] Early 1970s
In 1971, Coppola won an Academy Award for his screenplay for Patton. However, his name as a filmmaker was made as the co-writer and director of The Godfather (1972), The Conversation (1974), and The Godfather Part II (1974). In between directing the Godfather films, Coppola wrote the screenplay for the critically and commercially unsuccessful 1974 adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby, which was directed by Jack Clayton and starred Robert Redford and Mia Farrow. While at Warner Brothers Coppola hired George Lucas as his assistant and eventually produced Lucas' breakthrough film, American Graffiti, which was released in 1973. Also during this period, Coppola invested in San Francisco's City Magazine, hired an all-new staff, including mob daughter and writer Susan Berman, and named himself publisher. Although critically acclaimed, the magazine was short lived. The magazine floundered until 1976 when Coppola published its last issue.[1]
[edit] The Godfather and The Godfather Part II
In 1972, The Godfather was released to critical acclaim and huge commercial success. Directed by Coppola and adapted by Coppola and Mario Puzo from Puzo's bestselling novel, The Godfather follows the story of the Corleone crime family during the 1940s and 50s. The film won three Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Actor for Marlon Brando. Coppola himself was awarded Best Adapted Screenplay, along with Mario Puzo, and was nominated for Best Director.
In 1974 the highly anticipated sequel The Godfather Part II was released. Again directed and co-written by Coppola, the second film follows the story of the Corleone family under Michael Corleone throughout the 1950s and 60s, intercut with sequences depicting Vito Corleone as young man and his subsequent rise to power. The sequel was equally as successful commercially as the first film and received much critical praise. It became the first sequel to win the Academy Award for Best Picture; it also earned Coppola Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay while winning three other awards and earning five other nominations.
[edit] THX 1138 and American Graffiti
In the early 1970's Coppola also helped launch the career of George Lucas by producing his first two films, THX 1138 and American Graffiti. The latter film became a huge success at the box office and met to strong reviews, even earning Coppola a Best Picture nomination. Lucas would later go off to create the extremely successful Star Wars and Indiana Jones series.
[edit] The Conversation
In between The Godfather and The Godfather Part II, Coppola directed The Conversation, the story of a paranoid wiretapping and surveillance expert (played by Gene Hackman) who finds himself caught up in a possible murder plot. The Conversation was released to theaters in 1974 and was also nominated for Best Picture, competing against The Godfather Part II; Coppola became one of the few directors to have two films competing for the Best Picture Oscar since the annual number of nominees was reduced to five in 1945.[2] While The Godfather Part II won the Oscar, The Conversation won the 1974 Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.
[edit] Apocalypse Now
Following the success of The Godfather, The Conversation and The Godfather Part II, Coppola began filming Apocalypse Now, an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness set in Cambodia during the Vietnam War (Coppola himself appears in a bit part as a man barking out orders). Before production of the film began, Coppola went to his mentor Roger Corman for advice about shooting in the Philippines, since Corman had filmed several pictures there. It was said that all the advice Corman offered Coppola was "Don't go". The production of the film was plagued by numerous problems, including typhoons, nervous breakdowns, the firing of Harvey Keitel, Martin Sheen's heart attack, extras from the Philippine military leaving in the middle of scenes to go fight rebels, and an unprepared Marlon Brando with a bloated appearance (which Coppola attempted to hide by shooting him in the shadows). It was delayed so often it was nicknamed Apocalypse Whenever. The film was equally lauded and hated by critics when it finally appeared in 1979, and the cost of production nearly bankrupted Coppola's nascent studio American Zoetrope. The film was selected at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival and won the Palme d'Or, along with The Tin Drum, directed by Volker Schlöndorff.
Like Citizen Kane, its reputation has grown in time and Apocalypse Now is regarded by many as a masterpiece of the New Hollywood era. Roger Ebert considers it to be the finest film on the Vietnam war and included it on his list for the 2002 Sight and Sound poll for the greatest movie of all time.
The 1991 documentary film Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse, directed by Eleanor Coppola (Francis's wife), Fax Bahr, and George Hickenlooper, chronicles the difficulties the crew went through making Apocalypse Now, and features behind the scenes footage filmed by Eleanor.
After filming Apocalypse Now, Coppola famously stated:
- "We were in the jungle, there were too many of us, we had access to too much money, too much equipment, and little by little, we went insane."
In 2001, Coppola re-released Apocalypse Now as Apocalypse Now Redux, restoring several sequences lost from the original 1979 cut of the film thereby expanding its length to 200 minutes.
[edit] 1980s
[edit] Napoléon restoration and One from the Heart
Despite the setbacks during the making of Apocalypse Now, Coppola kept up with film projects, presenting in 1981 a restoration by Kevin Brownlow of the celebrated 1927 Abel Gance film Napoléon that was released in the United States by American Zoetrope. Coppola's father scored a soundtrack for this cut of the film. However, more of the film has since been found and incorporated by Brownlow, and Carmine Coppola's soundtrack is written to match the film at a different frame speed from that at which Gance shot it. Coppola's insistence on his father's score (others do exist), and his claim to have worldwide rights on showings of the film (he purchased some rights from Claude LeLouche who in turn had purchased them from a penniless Gance), mean that this film is not presently screened, and its fullest form is unavailable on DVD.
Coppola returned to directing with the experimental musical One from the Heart (1982). Unfortunately, that film was a financial failure.
[edit] Hammett
Hammett is a 1982 homage to noir films and pulp fiction directed by Wim Wenders and completed by Francis Ford Coppola. The film is a fictionalized story about writer Dashiell Hammett, based on the novel of the same name by Joe Gores. German director Wenders was hired by Coppola to direct this film, which was to be his American debut feature. But by the time the final version was released in 1982, only 30 percent of Wenders' footage remained, and the rest had been completely reshot by Coppola.[3] Wenders made a short film called Reverse Angle documenting his disputes with Coppola surrounding the making of Hammett.
[edit] The Outsiders
In 1982, he directed The Outsiders, a film adaptation of the novel of the same name by S. E. Hinton. Coppola credited his inspiration for making the film to a suggestion from middle school students who had read the novel. The Outsiders is notable for being the breakout film for a number of young actors who would go on to become major stars. These included major roles for Matt Dillon, Ralph Macchio, and C. Thomas Howell. Others rising stars in the cast include Patrick Swayze, Rob Lowe, Emilio Estevez, and Tom Cruise. Matt Dillon and several others also starred in Coppola's related film, Rumble Fish, which was also based on a S.E. Hinton novel and filmed at the same time as The Outsiders on-location in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Carmine Coppola wrote and edited the musical score, including the title song "Stay Gold", which was based upon a famous Robert Frost poem and performed for the movie by Stevie Wonder.
[edit] Captain Eo & Rip Van Winkle
In 1986 Coppola, with George Lucas, directed the Michael Jackson film for Disney theme parks, Captain Eo, which at the time was the most expensive film per minute ever made. In 1987 he directed in the "Faerie Tale Theatre" Rip Van Winkle the Rip Van Winkle episode.
[edit] 1990s
[edit] The Godfather Part III
In 1990 he released the 3rd and final chapter of The Godfather series with The Godfather Part III. Coppola successfully managed to get Al Pacino, Diane Keaton, and Talia Shire to return to the franchise, but Robert Duvall refused to reprise his role as Tom Hagen. While not as critically acclaimed as the first two movies, was still a box office success. Some reviewers criticized the casting of Coppola's daughter Sofia, who stepped into a role abandoned by Winona Ryder just as filming began. Despite this, The Godfather Part III went off to gather 7 Academy Award nominations, including Best Director and Best Picture for Coppola himself. The film failed to win any of these awards, the only film in the trilogy to do so.
[edit] Dracula and Frankenstein
In 1992, Coppola released Bram Stoker's Dracula, an adaptation of Stoker's novel staying more faithful to the book than previous film adaptations. Coppola casted Gary Oldman in the films title role, along with Winona Ryder and Anthony Hopkins. The movie's box office success enabled Coppola to keep his vineyard. The film won Academy Awards for Costume Design, Makeup, and Sound Editing. Two years later Coppola produced but did not direct an adaptation of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, which featured The Godfather Part II actor Robert De Niro in the film's title role.
[edit] Zoetrope All Story
In 1997, Coppola founded Zoetrope All-Story, a flashy literary magazine that publishes short stories. The magazine has published fiction by T.C. Boyle and Amy Bloom and essays by David Mamet, Steven Spielberg, and Salman Rushdie. Since its founding, the magazine has grown in reputation to become one of the premier American journals of literary fiction[citation needed]. Coppola serves as founding editor and publisher of All-Story.
[edit] Recent activities
He owns the Turtle Bay hotel in Placencia, Belize.
He co-owns the Rubicon restaurant along with Robin Williams and Robert De Niro.
Coppola serves as "Honorary Consul H. E. Ambassador Francis Ford Coppola." for the Central American nation of Belize in San Francisco, California.
In November 2005, Coppola took part as a special guest at the 46th International Thessaloniki Film Festival in Greece.
The director is currently living in the San Francisco Bay Area. He also spends considerable time in Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he is establishing a subsidiary of his production company, in support of the film he is planning to start shooting there in 2008.
Coppola plans to produce his own films in order to avoid the marketing input that goes into most films (making them appeal to too-wide an audience). His newest film Youth Without Youth was released on December 14, 2007. It was made for only around 19 million dollars, and was given a limited release.
For years he has tried to make a movie called Megalopolis, a film about an architect in a futuristic New York who tries to create utopia through architecture.
He is currently directing Tetro in Buenos Aires.
[edit] Filmography
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Citizen Coppola. Time (1975-06-30). Retrieved on 2008-05-13.
- ^ This had previously been accomplished seven times, by six different directors, between 1937 and 1943, when the Academy announced ten nominees yearly. Coppola's feat would later be matched by Herbert Ross in 1978, with The Goodbye Girl and The Turning Point, and Steven Soderbergh in 2001, with Erin Brockovich and Traffic.
- ^ Murray, Noel (2005-11-16). Hammett. The A.V. Club. Retrieved on 2008-05-13.
- Further reading
- Jeffrey Chown. Hollywood Auteur: Francis Coppola. New York: Praeger Publishers, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1988. ISBN 0-27592-910-8.
[edit] External links
- Francis Ford Coppola at the Internet Movie Database
- Francis Ford Coppola at SensesOfCinema.com
- Bibliography at the University of California Berkeley Library
- Rubicon Estate Winery (formerly Niebaum-Coppola), Napa Valley
- Francis Ford Coppola Presents
- Altman and Coppola in the Seventies: Power and the People Essay (24 Lies A Second)
- Coppola Speaks: A Conversation about Youth Without Youth at Propeller.com
- Film Comment interview
- Scholars of religion discuss Coppola's Youth Without Youth
| Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by William Friedkin for The French Connection |
Golden Globe Award for Best Director - Motion Picture 1973 for The Godfather |
Succeeded by William Friedkin for The Exorcist |
| Preceded by Jerry Schatzberg for Scarecrow and Alan Bridges for The Hireling |
Palme d'Or - Cannes Film Festival 1974 for The Conversation |
Succeeded by Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina for Chronicle of the Years of Fire |
| Preceded by George Roy Hill for The Sting |
Academy Award for Best Director 1974 for The Godfather Part II |
Succeeded by Miloš Forman for One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest |
| Preceded by Ermanno Olmi for The Tree of Wooden Clogs |
Palme d'Or - Cannes Film Festival 1979 for Apocalypse Now (tied with Volker Schlöndorff for The Tin Drum) |
Succeeded by Akira Kurosawa for Kagemusha and Bob Fosse for All That Jazz |
| Preceded by Alan Parker for Midnight Express |
BAFTA Award for Best Direction 1979 for Apocalypse Now |
Succeeded by Akira Kurosawa for Kagemusha |
| Preceded by Michael Cimino for The Deer Hunter |
Golden Globe Award for Best Director - Motion Picture 1980 for Apocalypse Now |
Succeeded by Robert Redford for Ordinary People |
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| Persondata | |
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| NAME | Coppola, Francis Ford |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Director, producer, screenwriter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 7, 1939 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Detroit, Michigan, United States |
| DATE OF DEATH | |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
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