First Lady
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
First Lady is a term applied to the wife of an elected male head of state.[1] Development of the title is credited to the United States, where it was first used in 1849, when United States President Zachary Taylor called Dolley Madison "First Lady" at her state funeral while reciting a eulogy written by himself.[2]
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[edit] Origin
In the early days of the United States republic, there was no generally accepted title for the wife of the President. Many early first ladies expressed their own preference for how they were addressed, including the use of such titles as "Lady," "Mrs. President," "Mrs. Presidentress" and "Queen."[3] Dolley Madison was referred to as "first lady" in 1849 at her funeral in a eulogy delivered by President Zachary Taylor. However, no written record of this eulogy exists.[4]
Harriet Lane was the first woman to be called First Lady. The phrase appeared in Frank Leslie's Illustrated Monthly in 1860, when he wrote, "The Lady of the White House, and by courtesy, the First Lady of the Land." Although Dolley Madison was also called First Lady, the title was actually bestowed upon her posthumously, when she was mentioned over a century after her time in the White House. Once Harriet Lane was called First Lady, the term was applied retroactively to her predecessors.
The title first gained nationwide recognition in 1877, when Mary C. Ames wrote an article in the New York City newspaper The Independent describing the inauguration of President Rutherford B. Hayes. She used the term to describe his wife, Lucy Webb Hayes. Mrs. Hayes was a tremendously popular first lady, and the frequent reporting on her activities helped spread use of the term outside Washington.[citation needed]
[edit] Variations
The entire family of the head of state may be known familiarly as the "First Family".[5] Should a female hold the office, the term First Gentleman may be the alternative to First Lady, though First Consort or some other style may be used.
The spouse of the second in command (such as a Vice President) may be known as the "Second Lady", or Vice-First Lady. Less frequently, the family would be known as the "Second Family". In some monarchies this title is used in reference to the spouse of a Prime Minister as it is understood that the "First Lady" of the country is the Queen regnant or queen consort.
The wife of a male Governor of a U.S. state is commonly referred to as the First Lady of that state, for example "First Lady of Ohio".
In some situations, the title is bestowed upon a non-spouse. Park Geun-hye, former head of the Grand National Party of Korea, has been referred to as the First Lady to South Korean President Park Chung Hee. Although she is President Park's daughter, the title was bestowed upon her after her mother's death.[6]
Occasionally another woman will fill the duties of First Lady, if the wife is unwilling, unable, or does not exist.
[edit] Non-political uses
It has become commonplace for the title of "First Lady" to be bestowed on women, as a term of endearment, who have proven themselves to be of exceptional talent, even if that talent is non-political. For example, the term has been applied in the entertainment field to denote the First Lady of Song (Ella Fitzgerald), the First Lady of American Soul (Aretha Franklin),[7] the First Lady of the Grand Old Opry (Loretta Lynn), and the First Lady of the American Stage (Helen Hayes).[8]
The term "first lady" is also used to denote a woman who occupies the foremost social position within a particular locality.[9]
The spouse of the president of a university or college may also be styled its first lady. In some institutions this use is official, and in some unofficial. In many it is not used.
The term is also used often in the religious setting. The wife of a senior pastor is sometimes called "first lady".
[edit] See also
- First Lady of the United States
- First Lady of the Philippines
- First Lady of Paraguay
- First Lady of Malaysia
- First Lady of Mexico
- First Lady of Venezuela
- First Gentleman
[edit] Notes
- ^ First Lady (HTML). dictionary.com. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. “2. the wife of the head of any country”
- ^ "Dolley Madison". National First ladies Library. Retrieved on 2007-04-29.
- ^ The Mavens' Word of the Day
- ^ http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=4 Firstladies.org
- ^ First Family - Definitions from Dictionary.com (HTML). dictionary.com. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. “2. The family of the chief executive of a city, state, or country.”
- ^ Geun Hye Park (2007). The Republic of Korea and the United States: Our Future Together (HTML). Institute for Corean-American Studies, Inc.. Retrieved on 2007-07-19.
- ^ Preston, Richard. "Are you ready to think outside the box? The abuses of the English language that readers hated most have inspired a new Telegraph book, explains Richard Preston", Daily Telegraph, May 25, 2007, p. 24.
- ^ Didion, Joan. "The Year Of Hoping For Magic", New York Times, March 4, 2007, p. 1.
- ^ Sellers, 294; Russell, 501.
[edit] References
- Sellers, Maud (April 1894). "The City of York in the Sixteenth Century". The English Historical Review 9 (34): 275-304.
- Russell, A. (1889). "Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York" 21: 494-515.
