Eduard Buchner
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| Eduard Buchner | |
 Eduard Buchner
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| Born | May 20, 1860 Munich, Germany |
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| Died | August 13, 1917 (aged 57) Munich, Germany |
| Residence | Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Fields | Biochemistry |
| Institutions | University of Berlin, University of Munich |
| Alma mater | University of Munich |
| Doctoral advisor | Otto Fischer, Adolf von Baeyer |
| Known for | Mannich reaction |
| Notable awards |  Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1907) |
Eduard Buchner (May 20, 1860 – August 13, 1917) was a German chemist and zymologist, the winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation.
He was born in Munich, the son of a physician and Doctor Extraordinary of Forensic Medicine. In 1884, he began studies in chemistry with Adolf von Baeyer and in botany with Professor C. von Naegeli, at the Botanic Institute in Munich. After a period working with Otto Fischer in Erlangen, he was awarded a doctorate from the University of Munich in 1888.
Buchner married Lotte Stahl in 1900.
Buchner was awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his biochemical investigations and his discovery of non-cellular fermentation.
During World War I, Buchner served as a Major in a front-line field hospital at Focşani, Romania. He was wounded on August 3 1917 and died of these wounds nine days later in Munich, aged 57.
It is commonly thought that the Büchner flask and Büchner funnel are named for him, but they are actually named for the industrial chemist Ernst Büchner ([1]).
[edit] Cell Free Fermentation Experiment
Buchner's experiment for which he won the Nobel Prize consisted of producing a cell free extract of yeast cells and showing that this "press juice" could ferment sugar. This dealt yet another blow to vitalism by showing that the presence of living yeast cells was not needed for fermentation. The cell free extract was produced by combining dry yeast cells, quartz and kieselguhr and then pulverizing the yeast cells with a mortar and pestle. This mixture would then become moist as the yeast cells' contents would come out of the cells. Once this step was done, the moist mixture would be put through a press and the resulting "press juice" had glucose, fructose, or maltose added and carbon dioxide was seen to evolve, sometimes for days. Microscopic investigation revealed no living yeast cells in the extract. One interesting thing is that Buchner hypothesized that yeast cells secrete proteins into their environment in order to ferment sugars, instead of the fermentation occurring inside the yeast cells, which is the actual mechanism.
[edit] References
- Jaenicke, Lothar (2007), “Centenary of the award of a Nobel prize to Eduard Buchner, the father of biochemistry in a test tube and thus of experimental molecular bioscience.”, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 46 (36): 6776-82, 2007, PMID:17600804, doi:10.1002/anie.200700390, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600804>
- Barnett, J A & Lichtenthaler, F W (2001), “A history of research on yeasts 3: Emil Fischer, Eduard Buchner and their contemporaries, 1880-1900.”, Yeast 18 (4): 363-88, 2001 Mar 15, PMID:11223946, doi:10.1002/1097-0061(20010315)18:4<363::AID-YEA677>3.0.CO;2-R, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11223946>
- Kohl, F (1998), “[A milestone of biochemistry and enzyme research. 100 years ago the German physiologist and chemist Eduard Buchner demonstrated "cell-free fermentation" in yeast extracts]”, Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 123 (25-26): 814-7, 1998 Jun 19, PMID:9672490, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9672490>
- Kyle, R A & Shampo, M A, “Eduard Buchner.”, JAMA 245 (20): 2096, PMID:7014942, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7014942>
- Sinohara, H (1981), “[Eduard Buchner (1860-1917): a biographical essay (author's transl)]”, Seikagaku 53 (10): 1139-60, 1981, PMID:7037987, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7037987>
[edit] External links
- Nobel Lecture Cell Free Fermentation from Nobelprize.org website
- Biography Biography from Nobelprize.org website
- English translation of Eduard Buchner (1897) Alkoholische Gährung ohne Hefezellen, originally published in Ber. Dt. Chem. Ges. 30, 117-124. (Alcoholic Fermentation Without Yeast Cells)
- The Origins of the Hirsch and Büchner Vacuum Filtration Funnels
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