Dymaxion car
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The Dymaxion car was a concept car from 1933, designed by U.S. inventor and architect Buckminster Fuller. The word Dymaxion is a brand name that Fuller gave to several of his inventions, to emphasize that he considered them part of a more far-reaching project to improve humanity's living conditions. The car had a fuel efficiency of 30 miles per US gallon (7,8 litres/100km), which was unheard of in the United States at the time. It could transport eleven passengers at speeds of up to 120 miles per hour (190 km/h).
Isamu Noguchi was involved in the development of the Dymaxion car, creating plaster wind tunnel models that were a factor in determining its shape, and in 1934 took it on an extended road trip through Connecticut with Clare Booth Luce and Dorothy Hale.[1]
The car was a three wheeler, steered by a single rear wheel, and could do a U-turn in its own length. However, the rear-wheel steering made the car somewhat counterintuitive to operate, especially in crosswind situations. The body was teardrop-shaped, and naturally aerodynamically efficient. The car was twice as long as a conventional automobile, at 20 feet (6 m) long.[2] Drive power was provided by a rear-mounted Ford V8 engine, which produced 85 bhp (63 kW) through the front wheels. The front axle was also a Ford component, being the rear axle of a contemporary Ford roadster turned upside-down.
An accident at the 1933 Chicago world's fair badly damaged the first prototype, killing the driver, and seriously injuring the two passengers. The Dymaxion had rolled over, and although the driver was wearing a seatbelt, the prototype's canvas roof had not offered sufficient crash protection. The cause of the accident was not determined, although Buckminster Fuller reported that the accident was due to the actions of another vehicle that had been closely following the Dymaxion.[3] The crash prompted investors to abandon the project, blaming the accident on deficiencies in the vehicle's steering.
In his 1988 book The Age of Heretics, author Art Kleiner maintained that the real reason why Chrysler refused to produce the car was because bankers had threatened to recall their loans, feeling that the car would destroy sales for vehicles already in the distribution channels and second-hand cars.
Although the Dymaxion cars did not enter production, it was influential on several subsequent designs. Ben Pon's VW Transporter van of the late 1940s resembled the Dymaxion, being a multi-seat mini-van with an aerodynamic body. Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion concept of obtaining optimal efficiency by aerodynamic design, and employing the most advantageous materials continues to inspire design such as the Aptera hybrid car prototype, which, like the Dymaxion, is a three wheeled, ultra light, aerodynamic, fuel efficient vehicle design.
Of the three prototype cars built, only the second prototype survives, located in the Harrah Collection of the National Automobile Museum in Reno, Nevada. The exterior has been fully restored, though it is a hollow shell, as they had no idea what the Dymaxion's interior was like.[4]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Michael John Gorman (Updated March 12, 2002). Passenger Files: Isamo Noguchi, 1904-1988. Towards a cultural history of Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion Car. Stanford Humanities Lab. “Later in 1934, Noguchi went on a road trip through Connecticut in the completed Dymaxion car with Clare Boothe Luce and Dorothy Hale - stopping to see Thornton Wilder in Hamden, Connecticut, before going onto Hartford for the out-of-town opening of Gertrude Stein’s and Virgil Thompson's Four Saints in Three Acts.”
- ^ WNET Article
- ^ Dymaxion Passengers: Towards a cultural history of Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion Car
- ^ Photos from National Auto Museum collection
