Daniel Sidney Warner
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| Daniel Sydney Warner | |
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| Born | July 25, 1842 Bristol (Now, Marshallville),Ohio |
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| Died | December 12, 1895 (aged 53) Grand Junction, Michigan |
| Burial place | Grand Junction, Michigan |
| Education | Oberlin College |
| Occupation | Theologian and Church Movement Initiator |
| Spouse | Tamzen Ann Kerr, Sarah Keller, Frances Miller |
| Children | Sidney |
| Parents | David and Leah Warner |
Daniel Sidney Warner (June 25, 1842 – December 12, 1895) is known primarily as the founder of the Church of God (Anderson) and other similar church groups. He is also known for some of his songs which other church groups have incorporated into their hymnody. He is mostly known by only the initials of his given and middle name, D. S. Warner, which was typical for his time period.
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[edit] Biography
[edit] Early Years
Daniel Sidney Warner was born July 25, 1842 in Bristol (now Marshallville), Ohio to David and Leah Warner. His father ran a tavern at the time of his birth and later was known for his drinking, but his mother, of Pennsylvania Dutch stock, is recorded by Daniel to have been more virtuous. He was the 5th of six children. His speaking abilities were noted even in his youth, when he would occasionally give political speeches in his home area. During the Civil War, Warner volunteered to serve as a private for the Union after his brother, Joseph Warner was drafted.
[edit] Early Christian Life
Warner became a Christian in February 1865, at the age of 23. He attended Oberlin College for a short while and taught in the public schools. On Easter Sunday of 1867, Warner preached his first sermon in a Methodist Episcopal Meeting using Acts 13:18 as his text. In October of the same year, he married Tamzen Ann Kerr and was licensed to preach by the Winebrennarian Church of God. In May of 1872, Tamzen Warner died after the birth of their still-born triplets.
Warner was an effective evangelist in the Winebrennarian church (over 700 people responded to his altar calls during the first decade of his ministry), preaching throughout northwest Ohio and northern Indiana for about six years. He was then assigned a mission post in Nebraska for two years, a work to which he gave himself wholeheartedly, even if it meant long, lonely spells of absences from the home for his wife, Sarah Keller, whom he had married on June 4, 1874.
[edit] Joins Holiness Movement
He returned to Ohio, and on July 6, 1877, he claimed to have experienced entire sanctification. Earlier in his life, he had rejected the teachings of the holiness movement, writing of a certain meeting: "Nearly all blew loudly the horn of sanctification but manifested little of its fruits, such as travail of soul for the sinner and sympathy for the one soul of the altar, to whom none gave a word of encouragement, but each in turn arose and boasted of his holiness. Oh the delusions of Satan! How manifold they are!" However, through the influence of his in-laws, he began to think favorably of this growing movement. It would ultimately give the course of his life a new direction.
On September 15th, 1877 the first charges of associating with the holiness movement were brought against him by the Winebrennerian Church of God, which were sustained shortly thereafter by a church trial. His license to preach was renewed on the condition that he would not bring "holiness" workers in to hold meetings in the Churches of God (Winebrennarian) without their consent. On December 8, of the same year, he consecrated himself to God to be an evangelist in the growing movement. On December 13, 1877, his diary entry contains his Covenant with God.[1]
On January 30, 1878, he was expelled from the West Ohio Eldership of the Church of God (Winebrennarian) on three counts: 1) transcending the restrictions of the Eldership 2) violating rules of cooperation, 3) participating in dividing the church. In his own eyes, Warner felt he was expelled for espousing and preaching entire sanctification. After his expulsion, he sought fellowship with various groups, including some Mennonites and the Salvation Army. During this epoch of his life, his daughter, Levilla Modest, died, his fifth child that he was forced to bury.
[edit] Begins His Own Movement
The Winebrennarian Church of God eventually suffered a division over the issue of membership in secret societies. Coming into contact with the side that stood opposed membership in these societies (Northern Indiana Eldership of the Church of God, which also was more open to "Holiness" teachings), Warner joined with them. But not long after, in October, 1881, he separated from this group at its Eldership meeting at Beaver Dam, Indiana when the elders rejected some proposals made by him. Five other persons "took a stand" with Warner and they formed the first congregation of the "new" movement. On October 1881, J. C. and Allie R. Fisher, along with about eighteen others, separated from the Northern Michigan Eldership of the Church of God (Winebrennarian) at Carson City, Michigan, forming the second congregation. These congregations were the culmination of Warner's desire for non-sectarian Holiness congregations, of which he had dreamed of since January 31, 1878 when he noted in his diary: "On the 31st of last January the Lord showed me that holiness could never prosper upon sectarian soil encumbered by human creeds and party names, and he gave me a new commission to join holiness and all truth together and build up the apostolic church of the living God. Praise His name! I will obey him."
On April 22, 1881, Warner "came out" of all holiness associations, saying, "We were positively denied membership [in any holiness association] on the ground of not adhering to any sect. And now we wish to announce to all that we wish to cooperate with all Christians, as such, in saving souls—but forever withdraw from all organisms that uphold and endorse sects and denominations in the body of Christ." "Anti-sectarianism" would become a watchword for his followers for many years afterward. His detractors would call his movement, "the come-outers".
[edit] Personal Grief
During 1890, Sarah Warner divorced D. S. Warner. They had lived separated since 1884. The issues surrounding their separation remain somewhat clouded, but it had some to do with a "3rd work of grace" teaching. This doctrine taught that upon experiencing the 3rd work of grace, the believer then was freed from all carnal desires, including sexual desires. Sarah returned to live with her parents, taking their 3-year-old son Sidney with her. When she filed for a divorce, she claimed that Daniel was not supporting her financially.[2] Three months after the separation, she turned over custody of Sidney, the only child of Daniel Warner to survive past childhood, to Daniel. Later, she remarried. In 1893, she died of typhoid fever at Cincinnati, Ohio. Believing it wrong to remarry as long as he had a living spouse, Daniel did not remarry until Sarah had died. A few months after her death he was united in marriage to Francis Miller, his third and last wife.
[edit] Publishing Ventures
On March 11, 1879 Warner became half owner and joint editor with I. W. Lowman of the "Herald of Gospel Freedom." The following year, he was given complete charge of this publication. During 1880, D S. Warner published his work "Bible Proofs of the Second Work of Grace". In the minds of early Church of God leaders, this action signified the beginning of the Church of God Reformation movement. The following year, the "Herald of Gospel Freedom" was consolidated with "The Pilgrim" (published in Indianapolis, Indiana by G. Haines) and to become "The Gospel Trumpet." This publication would continue for many decades after his death to be the "official" publication of the movement which was just now gaining momentum. In June of 1881, G. Haines dissolved the partnership with Warner and started an "opposition" holiness paper. J. C. Fisher then joined D.S. Warner as partner in "The Gospel Trumpet." On June 21, 1887, E. E. Byrum purchased Fisher's share of "The Gospel Trumpet" and became its publisher and business manager. Byrum would edit this paper for many years after the death of Warner.
[edit] Evangelistic Efforts
In the fall of 1884, Warner conducted revival tours and preached at camp meetings in the midwestern United States. He formed an evangelistic preaching company in the summer of 1885 with members including Nannie Kiger of Payne, Ohio; Francis Miller (his later wife) of Battlecreek, Michigan; Sarah Smith of Jerry City, Ohio; and John U. Bryant and D. Leiniger of Beaver Dam, Indiana. Barney E. Warren joined the company in 1886. From June 1887 to April of 1888, Warner conducted an evangelistic tour through Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, and Colorado. During the same summer, he preached at camp meetings in Missouri, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. The following winter, he conducted an evangelistic tour to Ontario, Canada. In the winter of 1890, Warner conducted a southern evangelistic tour into Mississippi and Alabama. His evangelistic company dissolved after this tour. During 1891, he conducted evangelistic tours in Pennsylvania and Ontario, Canada. In August of 1892 to February 1893, he conducted an evangelistic tour as far as California.
[edit] Final Years
In January through February 1894, Warner helped with a Floating Bethel evangelistic tour on the Ohio River. On December 1, 1895, Daniel Sidney Warner preached his last sermon on Sunday morning at the Gospel Trumpet Office in Grand Junction, Michigan. The topic of his sermon was Christian growth. He died on December 12, 1895.
[edit] Personal Interests
Warner wrote many poems and songs. He was also known to take an interest in singing and writing music, although most of his songs were set to music by others. As most of the churches he associated with sang a cappella, there is little evidence of his playing musical instruments.
He had a strong admiration for the beauty of nature, which revealed itself in his poetry. He also studied and lectured some on phrenology.[3][4]
[edit] Doctrines and Beliefs of Daniel Warner
Although he did not consider himself to be a theologian as such, Warner's theology was rooted in several sources. He seems to have been an avid reader, and had friends across a broad spectrum of denominations from which he gleaned his insights. From the Wesleyan tradition he took his view of salvation. From the Winebrennarian Church of God he gained his view of the Church. From the Anabaptists, he picked up non-resistance and non-conformity, and from the Adventists he took some of his eschatology. His two prominent teachings stand out as the "one Church": all believers are members of the church of God. He taught in his booklet "What the Church of God Is and What it is Not" that the call to join various bodies must be of the Antichrist. He wrote, "Therefore the multiplicity of sects, falsely called churches, are not God’s church."
His other prominent theme was that of holiness.
The following is an overview of the main doctrines that characterized Warner's life and teachings:
- One Church called the "Church of God", which is composed of all the "saved" people; no membership list
- Holiness of life-freedom from sin; a life dedicated to the Kingdom of God and its mission. This was accomplished by a "second, definite, work of grace"; the baptism of the Holy Ghost that purified the heart of the sin nature
- Against "Babylon"; that is, all false religion that teaches for doctrine the commandments of men
- The imminent second coming of Christ
- Non-resistance; non-participation in the military
- Separation from "the world" in actions, beliefs, and lifestyle, which included modesty of dress without added adornment of jewelry, cosmetics, neckties, etc., and opposition to membership in secret societies
- Foot washing, baptism by immersion, and the Lord's Supper as ordinances
- Leadership led by the Holy Ghost, rather than "man-rule" that dictates what the local minister can preach, with no official ministerial training or salaries, permitting women in the ministry
- No tithing, but rather free-will offerings
- Divine healing by faith without the assistance of doctors
- Marriage as "one man-one woman" for life, with no remarriage while the first spouse remained alive. For some second marriages already consumed before conversion, the couple was left to decide for themselves if they should separate[5]
[edit] The Movement that Followed
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Warner's reform movement eventually formalized itself into the Church of God (Anderson) with unofficial headquarters in Anderson, Indiana, and began to behave like other denominations. To this day, this group -and others who have derived from it- refers to itself as a movement rather than a denomination and does not practice formal church membership. The movement grew numerically in such a degree that it became the fastest growing denomination in the USA during the first few decades of the 20th century. This was in spite of several defections and divisions.
The first major defection occurred in the latter years of the 1890s. A large number of ministers and laymen left the movement over contentions about "sanctification". This defection is generally known as "The Anti-cleansing Heresy" or "Zinzendorfism" by the followers of Warner. Those leaving were unable to form a rival group and soon were dispersed among other existing churches.
In the second decade of the 20th century, contentions over practical issues (the wearing of the neck-tie being the predominant issue) led to a small but formidable secession of preachers from the "Anderson" churches.[6] Some of these later returned to the main body, confessing that they had erred in separating themselves. At the same time, Fred Pruitt was instrumental in starting the Church of God (Guthrie, OK) movement, which has continued to this day as a version of Warner's teachings.
About two decades later, some of the "Anderson" congregations began to express dissatisfaction with what they discerned to be "drift" and "formality" in the movement in areas such as mixed bathing between boys and girls, wedding rings, and the entrance of the television into the home. Feeling that the main body was not addressing these concerns sufficiently, individuals and congregations soon began to withdraw from the main body of the movement. The defectors, believing that God was revealing more light concerning the original eschatology of the movement, began to teach that Daniel Warner had been a part of the sounding of the sixth trumpet, but now the seventh trumpet was sounding,[7] calling men once again from "Babylon". These congregations became known to some as "7th-seal" churches.
The mid-20th century also saw several small splinters within the movement over the doctrine of "the second cleansing". This includes the Church of God (Newark, OH) which broke away from the "Seventh Seal" churches, and the smaller "Victor B. Orr" movement which spun off from the Church of God (Guthrie, OK).
In the 1980s, Daniel Layne split from the "Faith and Victory" movement (as the Church of God (Guthrie, OK) churches are commonly called, from the name of its main periodical, "Faith and Victory") when he became dissatisfied with what he deemed to be compromise and lukewarmness in all the existing Church of God movements. With a few other ministers, he started the Church of God (Restoration). This group claims to be restoring the church to what God originally designed in the Bible. Using the same eschatological outline as the "Seventh Seal" congregations, the Church of God (Restoration) claims to be sounding the seventh and final trumpet before the 2nd coming of Christ.
Today, there are several groups of churches[8] that look to Daniel Warner as a God-ordained reformer of the Christian church. These groups include those mentioned above, as well as other independent congregations that do not have any affiliation with the recognized streams of Warnerism. Most of these churches uphold their view of Warner by a form of church historicism, which gives Daniel Warner a prominent place inwhat these churches deem to be the final reformation of the Christian church.
[edit] Books by D.S. WARNER
- The Church of God: What it is And What it is Not
- Immersion a Prerequisite to Church Fellowship?
- Salvation Present Perfect Now Or Never
- Marriage And Divorce
- Entire Sanctification
- What is the Soul?
[edit] Influences
Church groups deriving from D. S. Warner's teachings:
- Church of God (Anderson) Official site: www.chog.org
- Church of God (Evening Light) Official site: www.churchofgodeveninglight.com
- Church of God (Restoration) Official site: www.churchofgod.net
Institutions named in his honor:
- Warner Southern College
- Warner Pacific College
- Warner Press
- The former Warner Memorial University in Texas.
[edit] References
- ^ From the Diary of D.S. Warner [1]
- ^ Daniel Warner and the Paradox of Religious Democracy in 19th Century America, Thomas A. Fudge,Lewiston, New York, Edwin Mellen Press, 1998
- ^ Birth of a Reformation: The Life and Labors of D. S. Warner by Andrew L. Byers, 1922. [2]
- ^ The Quest for Holiness and Unity by John W. V. Smith,1980.
- ^ Divorce and Remarriage by D. S. Warner [3]
- ^ A Fundamental Difference, W. H. Shoot [4]
- ^ Worshipping Christ [5]
- ^ Church of God Family Tree [6]
[edit] External links
- Zion Publishing Free monthly publication, specializing in "Gospel Trumpet" reprints and other selective material.
- D.S. Warner Library Very complete library of books written by D.S.Warner, H.M. Riggle, F.G. Smith and others.
- Faith Publishing House Publishing house for the Church of God (Guthrie, OK)
- Biblical Elders Teaching on Church Government Church Government, as taught by D. S. Warner and other early church of God pioneers
- Daniel Sydney Warner: Joining Holiness and All Truth
- Daniel Sidney Warner, a Christian Reformer
- Warner Press
- An Inside Look at the Church of God Brief history of Daniel Warner and the Church of God movement
- The Teachings of D. S. Warner and His Associates- C.W. Naylor
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