Compulsory Basic Training

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Students engaged in off-road training. In this stage of the CBT, the learner is acclimatised with bicycle manoeuvres and awareness before progressing to on-road training.

In the United Kingdom, the term Compulsory Basic Training (abbreviated to CBT) is a preliminary vehicular training course which must be completed by learner-civilians wishing to ride a motorcycle or moped unaccompanied on the road^[1], and remains valid for 2 years upon completion.^[2] It was introduced on 1 December 1990 as a means of reducing accidents on the road caused by inexperienced drivers by reviewing aspects of riding both on and off the road with a qualified motorcycle instructor registered with an Approved Training Body (ATB).^[3] If a full car licence was obtained before 1 February 2001 it is not necessary to complete a CBT course to ride a moped.^[4]

1 Structure and definitions
2 See also
3 References
4 External links

[edit] Structure and definitions

As the course currently exists, learners of several ages are able to undertake the Compulsory Basic Training course as a means of qualifying to ride a motorcycle respective of their age, with drivers younger than 21 restricted to lesser class motorcycles or mopeds. As these several forms of vehicle are of a similar classification the requirement is that a Compulsory Basic Training course is undertaken before the learner is able to ride unaccompanied on the road.

The minimum age required to undertake the Compulsory Basic Training after acquiring a provisional driving license^[5] is 16^[6], which limits the rider to a moped not exceeding 50 cubic centimetres (50cc) with a maximum design speed of 50 km/h ass well as the requirement for the learner to show "L" or "D" plates (Wales) and to ride only on public roads without a pillion passenger.

For motorcycles, Age 17 is the minimum age required to ride a "learner motorcycle"^[7] limited to an engine capacity no larger than 125 cubic centimetre(125cc)^[8], maximum power output of no larger than 9 kilowatts (9kW)^[9], and a maximum Power-to-weight ratio of 100 kilowatts per metric tonne^[10], excluding the weight of fuel and various tools.^[11]

The course itself covers 5 key elements, all of which must be assessed by a qualified instructor; there is no official test to obtain the certificate, with one element only being considered complete once the assessing instructor is satisfied that the learner has shown understanding of relevant road theory and performed basic practical skills safely, with a legal requirement of a supervised 2-hour on-road ride.^[12] The order of the elements are legally adhered, with individual exercises within the elements varying.^[13] It should not be considered a pass or fail exam, and if the instructor is not satisfied the learner has reached the level expected, the learner will be invited back at a later date to try again. The legal order of the elements is:

A. Introduction

B. Practical on-site training

C. Practical on-site riding

D. Practical on-road training

E. Practical on-road riding

[edit] Introduction

The introductory or "classroom" element of the CBT course includes general road awareness and safety talks, legal requirements when riding a motorbike -- more detailed explanations of manoeuvres, signalling are explained Element D of the CBT course before the learner rides on the road. Although additional content can be included by the Approved Training Body, the United Kingdom Driving Standards Agency defines the content of the introductory element as highlighting the aims of the training course, the use of proper equipment and clothing and the requirement for eyesight examination. ^[14] The United Kingdom Department for Transport Highway Code defines general legal rules for Motorcycle users in relation to this introduction as the following:

Both the rider of the motorcycle/tricycle/quadricycle and pillion passenger must securely wear a protective helmet in compliance with BSI 6658 and ECE 22-05 standards, but does not apply to those of the Sikh religion who must wear a turban.^[15]
No more than one pillion passenger should be carried on a motorcycle not specifically designed for that purpose, and must sit in forward position. ^[15]
The motorcycle should be in working condition, and the driver should be fit to ride the motorcycle as defined by law, with no visual impairments which restrict reading of a numberplate from 20 meters (20.5 meters for old-style number plates, or 12 meters for that of "mowing machinery")^[16] with the allowance of contact lenses.^[15]^[17]
The driver must not be over the legal limit for the consumption of alcohol, or have consumed any form of illegal or prescribed medication which may reduce co-ordination, judgement or reaction time.^[18]^[17]

[edit] Training and riding

Element	Description	Requirements (Must be carried out satisfactorily)
A	Introductory Element	Understanding of the aims of the training course^[19] Understanding of the importance of the appropriate equipment. ^[19] Undergo an eyesight examination, which must be passed to continue. ^[19]
B	Familiarisation	Be familiar with the operation and control of the motorcycle. ^[19] Able to perform basic machine checks to confirm condition of motorcycle. ^[19] Able to move the motorcycle around with correct balance, and move it on and off it's stand(s). ^[19] Able to start and stop the engine, and bring the motorcycle to a controlled stop by braking. ^[19]
C	Practical Riding (On-site)	Ride the motorcycle under control in a straight line, and bring the machine to a controlled halt. ^[19] Ride the motorcycle slowly, and perform a figure-of-eight under control. ^[19] Ride the motorcycle and carry out a U-turn manoeuvre. ^[19] Performing a controlled stop with both brakes, and bring the motorcycle to a stop with full control in an emergency. ^[19] Changing gear. ^[19] Perform the "Rear Observarion", "Observation Signal" and "Position Speed Look" routines. ^[19]
D	Road Awareness (On-site training)	The need to be visible by other road users, and why motorcyclists are more vulnerable than other road users.^[19] The need to know the importance of the highway code and legal requirements for riding on the road. ^[19] The importance of hazard perception and the effect of road surface variance on the vehicle. ^[19] The need to drive at an appropriate and correct speed according to traffic conditions, also paying regard to weather conditions^[19] The need to drive defensively, anticipate the actions of other road users and leave sufficient space when following another vehicle.^[19] The use of rear observation appropriately and correct road positioning. ^[19]
E	Practical Riding (On-road)	Must encounter various traffic situations, demonstrating ability to handle each competently and safely:^[19] Pedestrian crossings, traffic lights and junctions.^[19] Bends, roundabouts and gradients.^[19] Obstructions^[19] Must repeat the following exercises in normal road conditions:^[19] U-turn^[19] Emergency stop under full control, as in an emergency.^[19]

[edit] Practical tests

At the minimum age of 16, a learner can go on to pass a theory and practical test in order to gain full moped entitlement. The practical test must be taken on a moped with an engine capacity not exceeding 50 cc and a maximum design speed not exceeding 50 km/h (31 mph).

At the minimum age of 17, a learner can go on to pass a theory and practical test in order to gain full motorcycle entitlement. The practical test must be taken on a bike of at least 75 cc.

If the test is taken on a bike of less than 120 cc, a Category A1 "light motorcycle" licence will be obtained. The A1 licence restricts the holder to ride a motorcycle up to 125 cc with a maximum power of 11 kW (15 hp).

If the test is taken on a bike of 120–125 cc capable of 100 km/h (62 mph), a Category A motorcycle licence will be obtained, with holder will be restricted to motorcycles not exceeding 33 bhp for two years, after which the restriction is automatically removed.

Above the age of 21, a learner can go straight from CBT to pass a theory and practical test using the Direct Access Scheme in order to gain full motorcycle entitlement. The practical test must be taken on a motorcycle rated at least 35 kW (47 hp) and avoids the two year restrictions, allowing the use of any size of motorcycle.

A holder of a Category A1, or a restricted Category A licence who has reached 21 can take also take a Direct Access test to allow them to ride any size motorcycle. Candidates following this route do not need to repeat the theory test or CBT, but may not ride a larger bike whilst training unless they are supervised by an instructor in radio contact.

A test passed on an a bike with automatic transmission will result in a licence for this type of machine only.

[edit] See also

United Kingdom driving test

[edit] References

[edit] Online

United Kingdom Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency. 2006. "Driver Licensing for Motorcyclists" [Online] Available: http://www.dvla.gov.uk/media/pdf/leaflets/inf31.pdf [18 August, 2006]
United Kingdom Government, Directgov. 2008. About compulsory basic training [Online] Available: http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/DG_4022430 [11 May, 2008]
United Kingdom Driving Standards Agency. 2001. Motorcycle Safety Program (Definition of Compulsory Basic Training syllabus) [Online] Available http://www.dsa.gov.uk/download.asp?path=/documents/foi/other/ia00086pa.pdf

[edit] Laws

UNITED KINGDOM. 1998. Road Traffic Act 1988 (c. 52). OPSI Archives [Laws]
UNITED KINGDOM. 1998. Road Traffic (Vehicle Testing) Act 1999. OPSI Archives [Laws]
UNITED KINGDOM. 1998. Statutory Instrument 1998 No. 20 - The Motor Vehicles (Driving Licences) (Amendment) Regulations OPSI Archives [Laws]
UNITED KINGDOM. 2003. Statutory Instrument 2003 No. 166 - The Motor Vehicles (Driving Licences) (Amendment) Regulations OPSI Archives [Laws]

[edit] Print

United Kingdom Department for Transport. 2007. "The Official Highway Code" United Kingdom Driving Standards Agency

[edit] Inline References

^ United Kingdom Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency. 2006. p3 - "Before you ride a moped or motorcycle on the road you must complete a CBT course."
^ United Kingdom Government, Directgov. 2008. - "CBT will have to be retaken if both theory and practical tests are not passed within the two year certificate life."
^ United Kingdom Government, Directgov. 2008.
^ United Kingdom Government, Directgov. 2008. - "If you obtained your car licence before 1 February 2001 you do not need to complete a CBT to ride a moped."
^ UNITED KINGDOM. 1998. Statutory Instrument 1998 No. 20 (19.)
^ United Kingdom Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency. 2006. p3 - "You must be aged 17 or over to ride a motorcycle. You may ride a moped at age 16."
^ UNITED KINGDOM. 1998. Road Traffic Act 1988 (c. 52). (5) "A learner motor cycle is a motor cycle which either is propelled by electric power or has the following characteristics— "
^ UNITED KINGDOM. 1998. Road Traffic Act 1988 (c. 52). (5)(a) "the cylinder capacity of its engine does not exceed 125 cubic centimetres,"
^ UNITED KINGDOM. 1998. Road Traffic Act 1988 (c. 52). (5)(b) "the maximum power output of its engine does not exceed nine kilowatts (as measured in accordance with International Organisation for Standardisation standard 4106-1978.09.01), "
^ UNITED KINGDOM. 1998. Road Traffic Act 1988 (c. 52). (5) (c) "its power to weight ratio does not exceed 100 kilowatts per metric tonne, the power being the maximum power output mentioned in paragraph (b) above and the weight that mentioned in subsection (6)"
^ UNITED KINGDOM. 1998. Road Traffic Act 1988 (c. 52). (5) (c) "The weight referred to in subsection (5) above is the weight of the motor cycle with a full supply of fuel in its tank, an adequate supply of other liquids needed for its propulsion and no load other than its normal equipment, including loose tools."
^ United Kingdom Government, Directgov. 2008. - "You will only move on to the next element when your instructor is satisfied you have learnt the necessary theory and demonstrated the practical skills to a safe basic level. Trainees must, by law, receive a minimum two hour on-road ride in Element E. "
^ United Kingdom Government, Directgov. 2008. - "The five elements have to be completed in sequence, although the order of the exercises within the element can be varied."
'^ United Kingdom Driving Standards Agency. 2001. Motorcycle Safety Program, p3
^ ^a ^b ^c United Kingdom Department for Transport. 2007. p26 - "Rules for motorcyclists"
^ UNITED KINGDOM. 2003. Statutory Instrument 2003 No. 166 - Explanatory notes (Regulations 5, 6, 8 and 9) - The regulations provide that driving test candidates, applicants for licences, existing licence holders and participants in compulsory basic training courses for motor cyclists must, if tested on marks comprising the new type, be able to read a registration mark at a distance of 20 metres (or 12 metres in the case of category K, mowing machines)
^ ^a ^b United Kingdom Department for Transport. 2007. p29
^ # UNITED KINGDOM. 1998. Road Traffic Act 1988 (c. 52). (92) (1-9)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z United Kingdom Driving Standards Agency. 2001. Motorcycle Safety Program

[edit] External links

About compulsory basic training (UK Government website)
General information on motorcycling for beginners and the CBT syllabus

Categories: Motorcycling | Road transport in the United Kingdom | Motorcycle safety

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