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Benzopyrylium (chromenylium) salts with chloride as the counterion
- Not to be confused with Anthocyanin, their sugar containing counterparts.
Anthocyanidins are sugar-free counterparts of anthocyanins, can be identified based on the structure of a large group of polymethine dye, the benzopyrylium (chromenylium) ion. In particular anthocyanidins are salt derivatives of the 2-phenylchromenylium cation also known as flavylium cation. As shown in the figure below, the phenyl group at the 2-position, can carry different substituents. The counterion of the flavylium cation is mostly chloride. With this positive charge the anthocyanins differ from other flavonoids.
Molecule in 3D of the
Cyanidin
(2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-1-Benzopyrylium)
| Anthocyanidin |
R1 |
R2 |
R3 |
R4 |
R5 |
R6 |
R7 |
| Aurantinidin |
-H |
-OH |
-H |
-OH |
-OH |
-OH |
-OH |
| Cyanidin |
-OH |
-OH |
-H |
-OH |
-OH |
-H |
-OH |
| Delphinidin |
-OH |
-OH |
-OH |
-OH |
-OH |
-H |
-OH |
| Europinidin |
-OCH3 |
-OH |
-OH |
-OH |
-OCH3 |
-H |
-OH |
| Luteolinidin |
-OH |
-OH |
-H |
-H |
-OH |
-H |
-OH |
| Pelargonidin |
-H |
-OH |
-H |
-OH |
-OH |
-H |
-OH |
| Malvidin |
-OCH3 |
-OH |
-OCH3 |
-OH |
-OH |
-H |
-OH |
| Peonidin |
-OCH3 |
-OH |
-H |
-OH |
-OH |
-H |
-OH |
| Petunidin |
-OH |
-OH |
-OCH3 |
-OH |
-OH |
-H |
-OH |
| Rosinidin |
-OCH3 |
-OH |
-H |
-OH |
-OH |
-H |
-OCH3 |
|
|
|
Anthocyanins and their glucosides |
|
| Anthocyanins |
|
|
| Anthocyanidins |
|
|
