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Ambassadors of the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ambassadors of the United States

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article contains several lists of Ambassadors from the United States. There are also individual articles listing the holders of many of the ambassadorial offices, for which see Category:Lists of United States ambassadors.

The incumbents change from time to time; sometimes a post starts or stops being temporarily headed by a lower ranking diplomat. Occasionally, a post is created or abolished.

Contents

[edit] Current U.S. Ambassadors

Host country (common names) Ref U.S. Ambassador Embassy
Website
Afghanistan Ref William B. Wood Kabul
Albania John L. Withers, II Tirana
Algeria Ref Robert Stephen Ford Algiers
Andorra[1] Ref Eduardo Aguirre Barcelona
Angola Ref Dan Mozena Luanda
Antigua and Barbuda[2] Ref Mary M. Ourisman Bridgetown
Argentina Ref Earl A. Wayne Buenos Aires
Armenia Ref Vacant
Joseph Pennington – Chargé d’Affaires
Yerevan
Australia Ref Robert McCallum, Jr. Canberra
Austria Vacant
David Girard-diCarlo (nominated)
Vienna
Azerbaijan Ref Anne E. Derse Baku
The Bahamas Ref Ned L. Siegel Nassau
Bahrain Ref J. Adam Ereli Manama
Bangladesh James F. Moriarty Dhaka
Barbados[2] Ref Mary M. Ourisman Bridgetown
Belarus Karen B. Stewart Minsk
Belgium Sam Fox Brussels
Belize Robert J. Dieter Belize
Benin Ref Gayleatha B. Brown Cotonou
Bhutan[3]
Bolivia Ref Philip S. Goldberg La Paz
Bosnia and Herzegovina Charles L. English Sarajevo
Botswana Ref Katherine H. Canavan Gaborone
Brazil Ref Clifford M. Sobel Brasilia
Brunei Emil Skodon Bandar Seri Begawan
Bulgaria Nancy E. McEldowney Sofia
Burkina Faso Jeanine Jackson Ouagadougou
Burma[4][5] Vacant
Sharon E. Villarosa – Chargé d’Affaires
Rangoon
Burundi Ref Patricia N. Moller Bujumbura
Cambodia Joseph A. Mussomeli Phnom Penh
Cameroon Janet E. Garvey Yaoundé
Canada Ref David Wilkins Ottawa
Cape Verde Ref Roger D. Pierce Praia
Central African Republic[6] Vacant
A. James Panos – Chargé d’Affaires
Chad Marc M. Wall Ndjamena
Chile Ref Paul E. Simons Santiago
China Ref Clark T. Randt, Jr. Beijing
Colombia Ref William Brownfield Bogotá
Comoros[7] James D. McGee Antananarivo
Democratic Republic of the Congo Ref William J. Garvelink[8] Kinshasa
Republic of the Congo[9] Ref Robert Weisberg
Costa Rica Peter Cianchette San José
Côte d'Ivoire Wanda L. Nesbitt Abidjan
Croatia Robert A. Bradtke Zagreb
Cuba[10] Ref
Ref
Michael E. Parmly
Chief of Mission
Havana
Cyprus Ronald Lewis Schlicher Nicosia
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus[11]
Czech Republic Ref Richard W. Graber Prague
Denmark Ref James P. Cain Copenhagen
Djibouti Ref W. Stuart Symington Djibouti
Dominica[2] Ref Mary M. Ourisman Bridgetown
Dominican Republic Ref P. Robert Fannin Santo Domingo
East Timor Vacant Dili
Ecuador Ref Heather M. Hodges Quito
Egypt Francis J. Ricciardone, Jr. Cairo
El Salvador Ref Charles L. Glazer San Salvador
Equatorial Guinea Ref Donald C. Johnson Malabo
Eritrea Scott H. DeLisi Asmara
Estonia Stanley Davis Phillips Tallinn
Ethiopia Ref Donald Yamamoto Addis Ababa
Fiji[12] Larry M. Dinger Suva
Finland Barbara McConnell Barrett Finland
France Ref Craig Roberts Stapleton Paris
Gabon[13] Ref R. Barrie Walkley Libreville
The Gambia Joseph D. Stafford III Banjul
Georgia John F. Tefft Tbilisi
Germany Ref William R. Timken, Jr. Berlin
Ghana Pamela Bridgewater Accra
Greece Daniel V. Speckhard Athens
Grenada[2] Mary M. Ourisman Bridgetown
Guatemala James M. Derham Guatemala
Guinea Jackson McDonald Conakry
Guinea-Bissau[14] Janice L. Jacobs Dakar
Guyana Ref David M. Robinson Georgetown
Haiti Ref Janet A. Sanderson Port-au-Prince
Holy See Ref Mary Ann Glendon Vatican
Honduras Ref Charles A. Ford Tegucigalpa
Hungary April H. Foley Budapest
Iceland Ref Carol van Voorst Reykjavik
India Ref David C. Mulford New Delhi
Indonesia Cameron R. Hume Jakarta
Iran[15] Ref
Iraq Ref Ryan Crocker Baghdad
Ireland Ref Thomas C. Foley Dublin
Israel Ref Richard H. Jones Tel Aviv
Italy[16] Ref Ronald P. Spogli Rome
Jamaica Ref Brenda LaGrange Johnson Kingston
Japan Ref John Thomas Schieffer Tokyo
Jordan David Hale Amman
Kazakhstan John M. Ordway Astana
Kenya Ref Michael E. Ranneberger Nairobi
Kiribati[12] Larry M. Dinger Suva
North Korea[17]
South Korea Alexander Vershbow Seoul
Kosovo Ref Vacant
Tina S. Kaidanow – Chargé d’Affaires a.i.
Pristina
Kuwait Ref Richard LeBaron Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan Marie L. Yovanovitch Bishkek
Laos Ravic R. Huso Vientiane
Latvia Catherine Todd Bailey Riga
Lebanon Ref Jeffrey D. Feltman Beirut
Lesotho Ref Robert B. Nolan Maseru
Liberia Donald E. Booth Monrovia
Libya[18][19] Vacant
Charles O. Cecil – Chargé d’Affaires a.i.
Tripoli
Liechtenstein[20] Peter R. Coneway Bern
Lithuania John A. Cloud Vilnius
Luxembourg Ann Wagner Luxembourg
Macedonia Gillian A. Milovanovic Skopje
Madagascar[7] James D. McGee Antananarivo
Malawi Ref Alan Eastham Lilongwe
Malaysia James Keith Kuala Lumpur
Maldives[21] Robert O. Blake, Jr. Colombo
Mali Terence P. McCulley Bamako
Malta Molly Bordonaro Valletta
Marshall Islands Clyde Bishop Majuro
Mauritania Vacant Nouakchott
Mauritius[22] Cesar Cabrera Port Louis
Mexico Ref Antonio O. Garza Jr. Mexico City
Micronesia Miriam K. Hughes Kolonia
Moldova Michael D. Kirby Chisinau
Monaco[23] Marseille
Mongolia Mark C. Minton Ulaanbaatar
Montenegro Roderick W. Moore Podgorica
Morocco Ref Thomas T. Riley Rabat
Mozambique Ref Vacant
Elizabeth Raspolic – Charge d’Affaires a.i.
Maputo
Myanmar (see Burma above)[4]
Namibia Ref Joyce Anne Barr Windhoek
Nauru[12] Larry M. Dinger Suva
Nepal Nancy Jo Powel Kathmandu
Netherlands Ref Vacant The Hague
New Zealand[24] Ref William P. McCormick Wellington
Nicaragua Paul A. Trivelli Managua
Niger Bernadette M. Allen Niamey
Nigeria Robin R. Sanders Abuja
Norway Ref Benson K. Whitney Oslo
Oman Gary A. Grappo Muscat
Pakistan Ref Anne W. Patterson Islamabad
Palau[25] Kristie A. Kenney Manila
Panama Ref Barbara J. Stephenson Panama
Papua New Guinea[26] Leslie V. Rowe Port Moresby
Paraguay Ref James Cason Asunción
Peru Ref P. Michael McKinley Lima
Philippines[25] Ref Kristie A. Kenney Manila
Poland Victor Ashe Warsaw
Portugal Alfred Hoffman, Jr. Lisbon
Qatar Ref Chase Untermeyer Doha
Romania Ref Nicholas F. Taubman Bucharest
Russia Ref William Joseph Burns Moscow
Rwanda Ref Michael R. Arietti Kigali
Saint Kitts and Nevis[2] Ref Mary M. Ourisman Bridgetown
Saint Lucia[2] Ref Mary M. Ourisman Bridgetown
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[2] Ref Mary M. Ourisman Bridgetown
Samoa[24] William P. McCormick
George W. Colvin, Jr. – Chargé in Apia
Wellington
San Marino[16] Florence
São Tomé and Príncipe[13] Ref Eunice Reddick Libreville
Saudi Arabia Ref Ford M. Fraker Riyadh
Senegal[14] Janice L. Jacobs Dakar
Serbia Cameron Munter Belgrade
Seychelles[22] Cesar Cabrera Port Louis
Sierra Leone June Carter Perry Freetown
Singapore Patricia L. Herbold Singapore
Slovakia Ref Vincent Obsitnik Bratislava
Slovenia Thomas B. Robertson Ljubljana
Solomon Islands[26] Leslie V. Rowe Honiara
Somalia[27] Ref
South Africa Ref Eric M. Bost Pretoria
Spain[1] Ref Eduardo Aguirre Madrid
Sri Lanka[21] Robert O. Blake, Jr. Colombo
Sudan[28] Vacant
Cameron R. HumeChargé d’Affaires
Khartoum
Suriname Ref Lisa Bobbie Schreiber Hughes Paramaribo
Swaziland Ref Maurice S. Parker Mbabane
Sweden Ref Michael M. Wood Stockholm
Switzerland[20] Peter R. Coneway Bern
Syria[29] Vacant
Steve Seche – Chargé d’Affaires
Damascus
Tajikistan Tracey Ann Jacobson Dushanbe
Tanzania Ref Mark Green Dar es Salaam
Thailand Eric G. John Bangkok
Togo Ref David B. Dunn Lomé
Tonga[12] Larry M. Dinger Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago Ref Dr. Roy L. Austin Port of Spain
Tunisia Robert F. Godec Tunis
Turkey Ross Wilson Ankara
Turkmenistan[30] Vacant
Richard E. Hoagland – Chargé d’Affaires a.i.
Ashgabat
Tuvalu[12] Larry M. Dinger Suva
Uganda Steven A. Browning Kampala
Ukraine William B. Taylor, Jr. Kiev
United Arab Emirates Ref Michele J. Sison Abu Dhabi
United Kingdom[31] Ref Robert Tuttle London
Uruguay Ref Frank E. Baxter Montevideo
Uzbekistan Richard Norland Tashkent
Vanuatu[26] Leslie V. Rowe Port Vila
Venezuela Ref Patrick Duddy Caracas
Vietnam Ref Michael W. Michalak Hanoi
Western Sahara[32]
Yemen Ref Stephen A. Seche Sana’a
Zambia Ref Carmen M. Martinez Lusaka
Zimbabwe Ref Christopher W. Dell Harare

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ a b The U.S. Ambassador to Spain—resident in Madrid—is also accredited to Andorra.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g One ambassador, accredited to Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, is resident at Bridgetown, Barbados.
  3. ^ The United States does not currently maintain diplomatic relations with Bhutan.
  4. ^ a b In 1989 the military government of Burma changed the name of the nation to Myanmar, but the United States government—and other Western governments—do not accept the name and still refer to the country as Burma in official usage. See Myanmar.
  5. ^ The US has not had an ambassador to Burma since 1990.
  6. ^ The United States has had no ambassador in Bangui since 2002. The embassy is currently operating with a chargé d’affaires and a minimal staff. Source: U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, CIA World Factbook
  7. ^ a b One ambassador—resident in Antananarivo—is accredited to Madagascar and Comoros.
  8. ^ Embassy Website
  9. ^ At the present time, the U.S. Embassy in Brazzaville has no website. Source U.S. Department of State.
  10. ^ The United States does not currently maintain diplomatic relations with Cuba. U.S. interests in Cuba are handled by the U.S. Interests section of the Embassy of Switzerland in Havana.
  11. ^ The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not recognized by the United Nations, the United States, nor any other country aside from Turkey.
  12. ^ a b c d e One ambassador—resident at Suva—is accredited to Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu. Source U.S. Embassy Suva.
  13. ^ a b One ambassador—resident in Libreville—is accredited to Gabon and São Tomé and Príncipe. Source: U.S. State Department
  14. ^ a b One ambassador—resident at Dakar—is accredited to Guinea-Bissau and Senegal.
  15. ^ The United States does not currently maintain diplomatic relations Iran. U.S. interests in Iran are handled by the U.S. Interests section of the Embassy of Switzerland in Tehran.
  16. ^ a b The U.S. Ambassador to Rome is also accredited to San Marino. The U.S. Embassy in Florence handles matters concerned with San Marino.
  17. ^ The United States does not currently maintain diplomatic relations with North Korea. American citizens who travel to North Korea do so at their own risk and in some cases in violation of U.S. and/or UN sanctions.
  18. ^ Ambassador Joseph Palmer II ended his mission in Libya on November 7, 1972. A series of Chargés d’Affaires maintained the embassy until 1980. Chargé William L. Eagleton was recalled on February 8, 1980, and the Tripoli embassy was closed on May 2, 1980. Source: U.S. State Department.
  19. ^ The United States established an Interests Section in Tripoli on February 8, 2004. It became the U.S. Liaison Office on June 28, 2004, with Greg Berry as the Principal Officer. The Liaison Office was upgraded to a full embassy on May 31, 2006, with Charles O. Cecil as chargé d’affaires. As of December 2006, no ambassador has yet been appointed. Source: U.S. State Department, U.S. State Department.
  20. ^ a b One ambassador—resident in Berne—is accredited to Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
  21. ^ a b One ambassador—resident at Colombo—is accredited to Maldives and Sri Lanka.
  22. ^ a b One ambassador is accredited to Mauritius and Seychelles—resident in Port Louis, Mauritius.
  23. ^ The United States has no formal diplomatic relations (exchange of ambassadors) with Monaco. The U.S. Consul General in Marseille, France, under the authority of the U.S. Ambassador to France, is formally accredited to Monaco. Source: Department of State: Background notes on Monaco, U.S. consulate in Marseille.
  24. ^ a b One ambassador—resident in Wellington— is accredited to New Zealand and Samoa.
  25. ^ a b One ambassador—resident in Manila—is accredited to the Philippines and Palau. Source: CIA World Factbook.
  26. ^ a b c One ambassador—resident in Port Moresby—is accredited to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu.
  27. ^ The United States has no diplomatic relations with Somalia. The last ambassador to Somalia was James Keough Bishop when the embassy in Mogadishu was closed on January 5, 1991. Source: U.S State Department.
  28. ^ The U.S. Embassy in Khartoum was closed on February 7, 1996. Timothy Michael Carney was the last ambassador to Sudan. The embassy was reopened on May 23, 2002, with Jeffrey Millington as Chargé d’Affaires ad interim. There has been no U.S. ambassador in Khartoum since then. Source U.S. Department of State.
  29. ^ Ambassador Margaret Scobey was recalled February 2005 in protest of Rafik Hariri assassination. Ref: U.S. Department of State press release, Background notes on Syria, BBC News.
  30. ^ The previous ambassador to Turkmenistan, Tracey Ann Jacobson is now commissioned to Tajikistan. A new ambassador to Turkmenistan has not yet been appointed. Source: United States Embassy in Ashgabat.
  31. ^ The ambassador to the U.K. is known as the “Ambassador to the Court of St. James’s.”
  32. ^ The United States does not recognize Western Sahara, nor does the US recognize Moroccan claims to sovereignty over Western Sahara. Sources: Western Sahara, Foreign relations of Western Sahara, Foreign relations of Morocco.

[edit] Ambassadors to international organizations

Current ambassadors from the United States to international organizations

Host organization Location Ambassador
African Union Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Cindy Courville
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Washington, D.C., United States Patricia Haslach
Conference on Disarmament Geneva, Switzerland Jackie Wolcott Sanders
European Union Brussels, Belgium C. Boyden Gray
International Civil Aviation Organization Montreal, Canada Edward W. Stimpson
North Atlantic Treaty Organization Brussels, Belgium Victoria Nuland
Organization of American States Washington, D.C., United States John Maisto
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Paris, France Constance A. Morella
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Vienna, Austria Julie Finley
United Nations New York, United States Zalmay Khalilzad
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Paris, France Louise V. Oliver
United Nations Environment Programme Nairobi, Kenya Johnnie Carson
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Rome, Italy Tony P. Hall
United Nations International Organizations in Vienna Vienna, Austria Gregory Schulte

[edit] Ambassadors-at-large

Current ambassadors-at-large from the United States with worldwide responsibility:

Title (competence) Ambassador
Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues Pierre-Richard Prosper
Ambassador-at-Large for Counterterrorism J. Cofer Black

[edit] Ambassadors to past countries

[edit] Other senior diplomatic representatives

Other senior diplomatic representatives from the United States

Host country Ambassador Title
Bangladesh Judith Ann Chammas Chargé d’Affaires
Belgium Brenda B. Schoonover Chargé d’Affaires
Burkina Faso Cynthia Akuetteh Chargé d’Affaires
Ethiopia Vicki Huddleston Chargé d’Affaires
Haiti Timothy M. Carney Chargé d’Affaires
Hong Kong and Macau James B. Cunningham Consul General
Libya Gregory L. Berry Principal Officer
Mauritius Stephen M. Schwartz Chargé d’Affaires
Niger John W. Davison Chargé d’Affaires
Philippines Paul W. Jones Chargé d’Affaires
Senegal Robert P. Jackson Chargé d’Affaires
South Africa Donald Teitelbaum Chargé d’Affaires
Sudan Cameron Hume Chargé d’Affaires
Sweden Stephen V. Noble Chargé d’Affaires
Taiwan Stephen Young Director of the Taipei office of the American Institute in Taiwan
Uganda William E. Fitzgerald Chargé d’Affaires
Uruguay James D. Nealon Chargé d’Affaires

[edit] Selected past ambassadors

Well-known past ambassadors from the United States

Ambassador Host country or organization
Charles Francis Adams United Kingdom
James W. Spain Tanzania, Turkey, Sri Lanka, UN
John Adams United Kingdom, Netherlands
John Quincy Adams United Kingdom, Russia, Netherlands, Germany
Madeleine K. Albright United Nations
Eugenie Anderson Denmark
Walter H. Annenberg United Kingdom
William Waldorf Astor Italy
Alfred Atherton Egypt
Warren R. Austin UN
Ebenezer Bassett Haiti
Lucius D. Battle Egypt
Shirley Temple Black Czechoslovakia, Ghana, United Nations
Barbara Bodine Yemen
Corrinne Claiborne "Lindy" Boggs Holy See
L. Paul Bremer Netherlands
Carol Moseley Braun New Zealand
James Buchanan Russia, United Kingdom
Ellsworth Bunker South Vietnam
George H. W. Bush United Nations
William Walton Butterworth Sweden, Canada, European Union
Lewis Cass Sr. France
Richard F. Celeste India
Daniel R. Coats Germany
George M. Dallas United Kingdom, Russia
Monnett Bain Davis Panama Israel
John W. Davis United Kingdom
Charles G. Dawes United Kingdom
Frederick Douglass Haiti
Adolph Dubs Afghanistan
Lawrence Eagleburger Yugoslavia
John Eisenhower Belgium
Millicent Fenwick United Nations
Raymond Flynn Holy See
Thomas S. Foley Japan
Benjamin Franklin France, Sweden
Frederick T. Frelinghuysen United Kingdom
John Kenneth Galbraith India
April Glaspie Iraq
Arthur Goldberg United Nations
Michael E. Guest Romania
Hannibal Hamlin Spain
W. Averell Harriman Soviet Union, United Kingdom
Pamela Harriman France
Patricia Roberts Harris Luxembourg
John Hay United Kingdom
Richard Holbrooke United Nations, Germany
James Hormel Luxembourg
John Jay Spain
Thomas Jefferson France
George Kennan Yugoslavia
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. United Kingdom
Alan Keyes United Nations Social and Economic Council
Rufus King United Kingdom
Jeane Kirkpatrick United Nations
Richard F. Kneip Singapore
Robert Todd Lincoln United Kingdom
Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. United Nations, Germany
Winston Lord China
Clare Boothe Luce Italy
Douglas MacArthur II Japan, Iran, Austria and Belgium
Michael J. Mansfield Japan
Graham Martin South Vietnam
Jack F. Matlock, Jr. Czechoslovakia and Soviet Union
George S. McGovern United Nations agencies in Rome
Andrew W. Mellon United Kingdom
Perle Mesta Luxembourg
Walter F. Mondale Japan
James Monroe France, United Kingdom
Gouverneur Morris France
Dwight W. Morrow Mexico
John H. Morrow Guinea, UNESCO
Daniel Patrick Moynihan United Nations
John Negroponte Honduras, Iraq, Mexico, Philippines, United Nations
Walter Hines Page United Kingdom
Pete Peterson Vietnam
Charles C. Pinckney France, Spain
Thomas Pinckney United Kingdom
William Pinkney United Kingdom, Russia
Laurence Pope Chad
John Randolph Russia
Whitelaw Reid United Kingdom, France
Elliot L. Richardson United Kingdom
Carl Rowan Finland
Donald Rumsfeld NATO
Richard Rush United Kingdom
James R. Sasser China
William B. Saxbe India
Talcott Seelye Tunisia, Syria
R. Sargent Shriver France
Jean Kennedy Smith Ireland
Raymond A. Spruance Philippines
Adlai E. Stevenson II United Nations
William Sullivan Laos, Philippines, Iran
Alphonso Taft Austria, Russia
William Howard Taft III Ireland
Martin Van Buren United Kingdom
Edward S. Walker, Jr. United Arab Emirates, United Nations, Egypt, Israel
Richard L. Walker South Korea
Paul Wolfowitz Indonesia
Andrew Young United Nations

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu