Alpha catenin

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catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 1, 102kDa
Identifiers
Symbol	CTNNA1
Entrez	1495
HUGO	2509
OMIM	116805
RefSeq	NM_001903
UniProt	P35221
Other data
Locus	Chr. 5 q31.2

catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 2
Identifiers
Symbol	CTNNA2
Entrez	1496
HUGO	2510
OMIM	114025
RefSeq	NM_004389
UniProt	P26232
Other data
Locus	Chr. 2 p12-p11.1

catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 3
Identifiers
Symbol	CTNNA3
Entrez	29119
HUGO	2511
OMIM	607667
RefSeq	NM_013266
UniProt	Q9UI47
Other data
Locus	Chr. 10 q21

Alpha-catenin was suggested to function as a linking protein between cadherins and actin-containing filaments of the cytoskeleton.^[1] It has been reported that the actin binding proteins vinculin^[2] and alpha-actinin^[3] can bind to alpha-catenin. However, a protein complex including a cadherin, actin, beta-catenin and alpha-catenin has not been isolated. It has been suggested that alpha-catenin does not bind with high affinity to both actin filaments and the E-cadherin-beta-catenin complex at the same time.^[4] It has been observed that when alpha-catenin is not in a molecular complex with beta-catenin, it dimerizes and functions to regulate actin filament assembly, possibly by competing with Arp2/3 protein.^[5]

The amino acid sequence of alpha-catenin has sequence similarity to that of vinculin.^[6]

1 Types
2 See also
3 External links
4 References

[edit] Types

There are three human alpha-catenin genes:

alpha-1-catenin (also called alpha-E-catenin)
alpha-2-catenin (also called alpha-N-catenin)
alpha-3-catenin

[edit] See also

Catenin

[edit] External links

MeSH alpha+Catenin

[edit] References

^ Model of attachment of actin filaments to catenin-cadherin complexes. Figure 11.14 in The Cell: A Molecular Approach second edition by Geoffrey M. Cooper (2000) Published by Sinauer Associates, Inc. ISBN 0878932194 .
^ M. Watabe-Uchida, N. Uchida, Y. Imamura, A. Nagafuchi, K. Fujimoto, T. Uemura, S. Vermeulen, F. van Roy, E. D. Adamson and M. Takeichi. "alpha-Catenin-vinculin interaction functions to organize the apical junctional complex in epithelial cells" in Journal of Cell Biology (1998) Volume 142, pages 847-857. Entrez PubMed 9700171
^ K. A. Knudsen, A. P. Soler, K. R. Johnson and M. J. Wheelock "Interaction of alpha-actinin with the cadherin/catenin cell-cell adhesion complex via alpha-catenin" in Journal of Cell Biology (1995) Volume 130, pages 67-77. Entrez PubMed 7790378
^ S. Yamada, S. Pokutta, F. Drees, W. I. Weis and W. J. Nelson "Deconstructing the cadherin-catenin-actin complex" in Cell (2005) Volume 123, pages 889-901. Entrez PubMed 16325582
^ F. Drees, S. Pokutta, S. Yamada, W. J. Nelson and W. T. Weis. "Alpha-catenin is a molecular switch that binds E-cadherin-beta-catenin and regulates actin-filament assembly" in Cell (2005) Volume 123, pages 903-915. Entrez PubMed 16325583
^ A. Nagafuchi, M. Takeichi, and S. Tsukita. "The 102 kd cadherin-associated protein: similarity to vinculin and posttranscriptional regulation of expression" in Cell (1991) Volume 65, pages 849-857. Entrez PubMed 1904011

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v • d • e Proteins of the cytoskeleton

Microfilaments	Actins - Actin-binding proteins - Actinin - Arp2/3 complex - Cofilin - Destrin - Gelsolin - Myosins - Profilin - Tropomodulin - Troponin (T, C, I) - Tropomyosin - Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein

Intermediate filaments	type 1 and 2 (Cytokeratin, type I, type II) - type 3 (Desmin, GFAP, Peripherin, Vimentin) - type 4 (Internexin, Nestin, Neurofilament, Synemin, Syncoilin) - type 5 (Lamin A, B)

Microtubules	Dyneins - Kinesins - MAPs (Tau protein, Dynamin) - Tubulins - Stathmin - Tektin

Catenins	Alpha catenin - Beta catenin - Plakoglobin (gamma catenin) - Delta catenin

Nonhuman	Major sperm proteins - Prokaryotic cytoskeleton (Crescentin, FtsZ, MreB)

Other	APC - Dystrophin (Dystroglycan) - plakin (Desmoplakin, Plectin) - Spectrin - Talin - Utrophin - Vinculin