Alain Juppé
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| Alain Juppé | |
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| In office 18 May 1995 – 3 June 1997 |
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| President | Jacques Chirac |
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| Preceded by | Édouard Balladur |
| Succeeded by | Lionel Jospin |
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| In office 18 May 2007 – 18 June 2007 |
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| Prime Minister | François Fillon |
| Preceded by | Nelly Olin |
| Succeeded by | Jean-Louis Borloo |
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| In office 29 March 1993 – 18 May 1995 |
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| Prime Minister | Édouard Balladur |
| Preceded by | Roland Dumas |
| Succeeded by | Hervé de Charette |
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| Born | August 15, 1945 Mont-de-Marsan, France |
| Political party | (1) RPR (2) UMP |
| Occupation | Civil Servant |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
Alain Marie Juppé (born 15 August 1945) is a French politician, who was Prime Minister of France from 1995 to 1997. In December 2004 Juppé was convicted of mishandling public funds; since then, his political career was suspended until he was re-elected mayor of Bordeaux in October 2006. He was most recently the French minister for Energy, Ecology and Sustainable Development. He resigned in June 2007 after failing in his bid to be re-elected in the 2007 legislative elections but remains mayor of Bordeaux.
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[edit] Early life
Alain Juppé was born in the commune of Mont-de-Marsan in the department of Landes in south-west France.
[edit] Education
- Lycée Victor-Duruy, in Mont-de-Marsan
- Preparatory classes at Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris
- Entered École normale supérieure (1964)
- Agrégation de lettres
- Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris (more widely known as Sciences Po) (1968)
- École nationale d'administration (1970-1972)
[edit] Member of National Assembly
Alain Juppé's profession, outside of politics, is Inspector of Finances, a position from which he was on leave to hold his various elected and appointed offices. He retired from the Inspection of Finances on January 1, 2003.[1]
As a senior civil servant, he met Jacques Chirac at the end of the 1970s and became his adviser in the city council of Paris. He was minister of budget and spokesperson of Jacques Chirac's government from 1986 to 1988. Then, he was secretary general of the Rally for the Republic (Rassemblement pour la République or RPR) political party from 1988 to 1995. In 1993, he was made Édouard Balladur's Foreign Minister.
[edit] Prime Minister
Because he supported Jacques Chirac against Edouard Balladur during the 1995 presidential campaign, he succeeded him as Prime Minister, also becoming president of the RPR. Jacques Chirac claimed Alain Juppé was "the best among us".
However, in November/December 1995, his plan for Welfare State reform caused the biggest social conflict since May 68 and, under duress, abandoned it. He became the most unpopular Prime minister of the Fifth Republic (challenged only by Édith Cresson). In spring 1997, President Chirac dissolved the National Assembly but lost the legislative election. Alain Juppé was succeeded by the Socialist Lionel Jospin. Furthermore, Juppé left the leadership of the RPR.
He campaigned for the unification of all the parties of the centre right behind Jacques Chirac. In this, he was considered the architect of the Union for the Presidential Majority which became the Union for a Popular Movement (Union pour un mouvement populaire or UMP), and was its first president from 2002 to 2004.
As a member of the National Assembly (as representative of Paris from 1986 to 1997, then representative of Gironde), he was elected Mayor of Bordeaux in 1995, succeeding former Prime Minister Jacques Chaban-Delmas.
[edit] Criminal conviction
In 2004, Alain Juppé was tried for the felony of abuse of public funds, when he was head of the RPR and the RPR illegally used personnel provided by the City of Paris for running its operations. He was convicted and sentenced to an 18-month suspended jail sentence, the deprivation of civic rights for five years, and the deprivation of the right to run for political office for 10 years. He appealed against the decision, whereby his disqualification from holding elected office was reduced to one year and the suspended sentence cut to 14 months. He announced he would not appeal the ruling before the Court of Cassation. (See Corruption scandals in the Paris region) As a consequence, Alain Juppé resigned his mayorship of Bordeaux and his position of head of the Bordeaux urban community.
The court commented:
It is regrettable that at the time when the legislative body became aware of the need to end criminal practices which existed for the financing of political parties, Mr Juppé did not apply to his own party the very rules that he had voted for in Parliament.
It is equally regrettable that Mr Juppé, whose intellectual qualities are unanimously recognized, did not judge appropriate to assume before Justice his entire criminal responsibility and kept on denying established facts.
However, Mr Juppé has given himself for many years to the service of the State, while he did obtain no personal enrichment from these crimes he committed for the benefit of his political party, for which he should not be a scapegoat.[1]
Some commentators, such as Jean-Marc Ayrault, head of the National Assembly group of the Socialist Party, have argued that Juppé, in this judicial group, paid for a wider responsibility than his own.[2]
Some law professors argued that the Versailles court could not legally exempt Juppé from a disposition of the Electoral Code (article L7) which bars any person sentenced for illegal taking of interests from being on an electoral roll for a period of 5 years, also preventing that person from running for office. Another disposition of the Electoral Code (article LO130) specifies that any person deprived of the right to be on an electoral roll for a certain period following a judicial sentence is deprived of the right of running for the French National Assembly for double that period, which would bar Juppé for 10 years. When Alain Juppé registered again as a voter, other voters sued to have his registration cancelled; however, the Bordeaux court of small claims ruled against them. [3] Some of the plaintiffs declared they would appeal the decision before the Court of Cassation. Another possible issue is that should Alain Juppé be elected to national office, the Constitutional Council could cancel the election on grounds that Juppé was illegally registered as a voter. President Jacques Chirac could have used his right of pardon in favor of Juppé, but this would have probably been politically disastrous. (Le Canard Enchaîné, December 22, 2004).
Juppé considered giving classes on public administration at a variety of prominent United States and Quebec universities and colleges, including the UQÀM in Montreal, some of which were initially receptive to having a former prime minister be a member of their faculty. However, following Juppé's conviction, his appointment was contested by some teachers.[2] Juppé was finally taken in by the École nationale d'administration publique in Montreal where he served as a full-time faculty member for the academic year 2005-2006.
[edit] Further political career
Juppé was re-elected mayor of Bordeaux in October 2006, suggesting that voters had forgiven him for the conviction.
In May 2007, he was appointed Minister of State, Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development in the Government of François Fillon, being in fact the number two of the Government in protocolar order. This is the third time in the history of Fifth Republic (after Michel Debré and Laurent Fabius) that a former Prime Minister comes back as a Minister in another Government (some President of the Council of the Fourth Republic were Minister of the Fifth Republic).
Juppé ran unsuccessfully in the 2007 legislative elections, and as a consequence announced his resignation from the government.[3] Prime minister Fillon had announced that all ministers that chose to run in these elections and were beaten would have to leave the government, for it meant that these ministers did not enjoy the confidence of the people.[4]
On March 9, 2008, Juppé was reelected as Mayor of Bordeaux, winning 56% of the popular vote in the first round[5].
[edit] Juppé's first cabinet, 18 May - 7 November 1995
- Alain Juppé - Prime Minister
- Hervé de Charette - Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Charles Millon - Minister of Defense
- Jean-Louis Debré - Minister of the Interior
- Alain Madelin - Minister of Economy and Finance
- Jacques Toubon - Minister of Justice
- Yves Galland - Minister of Industry
- François Bayrou - Minister of National Education, Vocational Training, Higher Education, and Research
- Jacquet Barrot - Minister of Labour, Social Dialogue, and Participation
- Pierre Pasquini - Minister of Veterans and War Victims
- Philippe Douste-Blazy - Minister of Culture
- Philippe Vasseur - Minister of Agriculture, Fish, and Food
- Corinne Lepage - Minister of Environment
- Jean-Jacques de Peretti - Minister of Overseas
- Bernard Pons - Minister of Transport, Regional Planning, and Equipment
- Roger Romani - Minister of Relations with Parliament
- Elisabeth Hubert - Minister of Public Health and Sickness Insurance
- Pierre-André Périssol - Minister of Housing
- Françoise de Panafieu - Minister of Tourism
- François Fillon - Minister of Information Technologies and Post
- Jean Puech - Minister of Civil Service
- Jean-Pierre Raffarin - Minister of Small and Medium-sized Companies, Commerce, and Craft Industry
- Claude Goasguen - Minister of Reform of the State, Decentralization, and Citizenship
- Colette Codaccioni - Minister of Solidarity between Generations
- Eric Raoult - Minister of Integration and Fight against Exclusion
- Jean Arthuis - Minister of Planning
Changes
- 25 August 1995 - Jean Arthuis succeeds Madelin as Minister of Economy and Finance, remaining also Minister of Planning.
[edit] Juppé's second cabinet, 7 November 1995 - 4 June 1997
- Alain Juppé - Prime Minister
- Hervé de Charette - Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Charles Millon - Minister of Defense
- Jean-Louis Debré - Minister of the Interior
- Jean Arthuis - Minister of Economy and Finance
- Jacques Toubon - Minister of Justice
- Franck Borotra - Minister of Industry, Posts, and Telecommunications
- François Bayrou - Minister of National Education, Vocational Training, Higher Education, and Research
- Jacques Barrot - Minister of Labour and Social Affairs
- Philippe Douste-Blazy - Minister of Culture
- Philippe Vasseur - Minister of Agriculture, Fish, and Food
- Guy Drut - Minister of Youth and Sport
- Corinne Lepage - Minister of Environment
- Bernard Pons - Minister of Transport, Housing, Tourism, and Equipment
- Roger Romani - Minister of Relations with Parliament
- Dominique Perben - Minister of Civil Service, Reform of the State, and Decentralization
- Jean-Claude Gaudin - Minister of City and Regional Planning
- Jean-Pierre Raffarin - Minister of Small and Medium-sized Companies, Commerce, and Craft Industry
| Preceded by Roland Dumas |
Minister of Foreign Affairs 1993–1995 |
Succeeded by Hervé de Charette |
| Preceded by Jacques Chirac |
President of Rally for the Republic 1994–1997 |
Succeeded by Philippe Séguin |
| Preceded by Édouard Balladur |
Prime Minister of France 1995–1997 |
Succeeded by Lionel Jospin |
| Preceded by None - party created |
President of Union for a Popular Movement 2002–2004 |
Succeeded by Jean-Claude Gaudin (acting) |
| Preceded by Nelly Olin as Minister of the Environment |
Minister of the Ecology and Sustainable development 2007 |
Succeeded by Jean-Louis Borloo |
| Preceded by Nicolas Sarkozy |
Minister of State 2007 |
Succeeded by Jean-Louis Borloo |
[edit] References
- ^ Decision from the Minister of Economy, finances and industry of November 13, 2002, admitting Alain Juppé into retirement.
- ^ Le Canard Enchaîné, February 16, 2005
- ^ Reuters, Alain Juppé battu annonce sa démission du gouvernement, June 17, 2007
- ^ François Fillon précise le calendrier des réformes, Les Échos, May 23, 2005
- ^ Bordeaux : un triomphe pour Alain Juppé, Les Echos, 10 march 2008
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[edit] Videos
- L'entrée de la Turquie dans l'Union européenne : la perception de l'opinion publique européenne Video conference of Alain Juppé about the Turkish question, given in Montreal in March 2006, Center of international research University of Montreal
- La France, trois mois avant les présidentielles Conference given in Montreal in January 2007, Centro de estudios internacionales de la Universidad de Montreal
[edit] External links
