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भारतीय विधि - विकिपीडिया

भारतीय विधि

विकिपीडिया, एक मुक्त ज्ञानकोष से

(This article is based on Law in India in English counterpart)

[संपादित करें] Headline text

भारतीय कानून ब्रितानी कानून पर आधारित है। अंग्रेज़ो ने इसे पहली बार अपने शासनकाल के दौरान लागू किया। अंग्रेज़ो द्वारा लागू किये कई acts और ordinances आज भी प्रभावशील हैं।

भारतीय सविंधान के लेखन के दौरान इसमें आयरलैंड, संयुक्त राष्ट्र अमरीका, ब्रिटेन और फ्रांस के कानूनों को समाहित (synthesize) किया गया था। भारतीय कानून संयुक्त राष्ट्र के मानवाधिकार और वातावरण संम्बधी दिशानिर्देशों के अनुरूप है। इसमें कुछ अंतरराष्ट्रीय कानूनों, जैसे बौधिक अधिकारों आदि, को भारत में लागू किया गया है।

भारतीय नागरिक कानून (Indian Civil Law) एक जटिल कानून है जिसमें प्रत्येक धर्म-विशेष के अपने कानून हैं। अधिकांश राज्यों में विवाह और तलाक के लिए पंजीकरण आवश्यक नहीं है। हिंदू, मुसलमान, ईसाई, सिक्ख व अन्य धर्मों के अपने कानून हैं। इसका अकेला अपवाद गोवा राज्य है जहां पुर्तगाली Uniform Civil Code प्रभावी है, और सभी धर्मों के लिए विवाह, तलाक, और (बच्चा) गोद लेने सम्बंधी एक जैसे कानून हैं।

Jury trials were abolished by the government in 1960 on the grounds they would be susceptible to media and public influence. This decision was based on a 8:1 acquittal of Kawas Nanavati in K. M. Nanavati vs. State of Maharashtra, which was overturned by higher courts.

Each state drafts it own laws, however all the states have more or less the same laws. Laws directed by the Central government and the Supreme Court of India are binding on all citizens of each state. Each state has its own labour laws and taxation rates.

Capital Punishment is present in India and is invoked only in the ‘rarest of rare’ cases. The last execution was conducted in 2004, when Dhanonjoy Chatterjee was hanged for the rape and murder of a 14-year old girl. India’s most famous jail is the Tihar Jail.

Dual nationality is prohibited under Indian nationality law. The courts of India have taken the view that no citizen shall carry the political burden of dual citizenship with its inevitable consequence of divided loyalties. The Indian Parliament passed on 7 January 2004 a law creating a new form of very limited dual nationality called Overseas citizenship of India. Overseas citizens of India will not enjoy any form of political rights or participation in the government of India. There are no plans to issue to Overseas citizens any form of Indian passport.

After independence Indian laws have adapted to the changing world. The most recent being the Information Technology Act (2000), which recognises the validity of emails, digital ID’s and laws outlawing hacking, cracking and other malicious online works.

[edit] See also Supreme Court of India Law enforcement in India Central Bureau of Investigations [edit] External links Indian Law — HelpLineLaw [edit] References News Brief on the execution of Dhanaonjoy Chatterjee.

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