Philautus
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Philautus is a genus of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae. Many species in this genus is now considered extinct by IUCN, while others are widespread and abundant (such as the recently-described P. abundus, which was specifically named for this fact).
This genus is unique in that there is direct development, with all growth inside the egg and no free swimming tadpole stage.[1] Some species have been found to bury their eggs in soil although they are arboreal and others attach their eggs to leaves.[2]
P. maia, fourth in the International Institute for Species Exploration's top ten species of 2008, was discovered in a museum. Thankfully, the extinct species was preserved from the 19th century, or the species would never have been discovered[1].
[edit] List of species
- Philautus abditus Inger, Orlov, & Darevsky, 1999.
- Philautus abundus Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus acutirostris (Peters, 1867).
- Philautus acutus Dring, 1987.
- Philautus adspersus (Günther, 1872). (extinct)
- Philautus albopunctatus Liu & Hu, 1962.
- Philautus alto Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus amoenus Smith, 1931.
- Philautus andersoni (Ahl, 1927).
- Philautus annandalii (Boulenger, 1906).
- Philautus asankai Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus aurantium Inger, 1989.
- Philautus auratus Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus aurifasciatus (Schlegel, 1837).
- Philautus banaensis Bourret, 1939.
- Philautus beddomii (Günther, 1876).
- Philautus bombayensis (Annandale, 1919).
- Philautus bunitus Inger, Stuebing, & Tan, 1995.
- Philautus caeruleus Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus cardamonus Ohler, Swan & Daltry, 2002.
- Philautus carinensis (Boulenger, 1893).
- Philautus cavirostris (Günther, 1869).
- Philautus chalazodes (Günther, 1876).
- Philautus charius Rao, 1937.
- Philautus cinerascens (Stoliczka, 1870).
- Philautus cornutus (Boulenger, 1920).
- Philautus cuspis Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus decoris Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus dimbullae (Shreve, 1940). (extinct)
- Philautus disgregus Inger, 1989.
- Philautus dubius (Boulenger, 1882).
- Philautus erythrophthalmus Stuebing & Wong, 2000.
- Philautus eximius Shreve, 1940. (extinct)
- Philautus extirpo Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. (extinct)
- Philautus femoralis (Günther, 1864).
- Philautus fergusonianus (Ahl, 1927).
- Philautus flaviventris (Boulenger, 1882).
- Philautus frankenbergi Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005.
- Philautus fulvus Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus folicola Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus garo (Boulenger, 1919).
- Philautus glandulosus (Jerdon, 1854).
- Philautus gracilipes Bourret, 1937.
- Philautus griet Bossuyt, 2002.
- Philautus gryllus Smith, 1924.
- Philautus gunungensis Malkmus & Riede, 1996.
- Philautus hallidayi Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005.
- Philautus halyi Boulenger, 1904. (extinct)
- Philautus hoffmanni Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005.
- Philautus hoipolloi Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus hosii (Boulenger, 1895).
- Philautus hypomelas (Günther, 1876). (extinct)
- Philautus ingeri Dring, 1987.
- Philautus jacobsoni (Kampen, 1912).
- Philautus jerdonii (Günther, 1876).
- Philautus jinxiuensis Hu In Hu, Fei & Ye, 1978.
- Philautus kempiae (Boulenger, 1919).
- Philautus kerangae Dring, 1987.
- Philautus leitensis (Boulenger, 1897).
- Philautus leucorhinus (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856). (extinct)
- Philautus limbus Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus longchuanensis Yang & Li In Yang, Su & Li, 1979.
- Philautus longicrus (Boulenger, 1894).
- Philautus lunatus Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus luteolus Kuramoto & Joshy, 2003.
- Philautus macropus (Günther, 1869).
- Philautus maia Meegaskumbura et al., 2007. (extinct)
- Philautus malcolmsmithi (Ahl, 1927). (extinct)
- Philautus maosonensis Bourret, 1937.
- Philautus medogensis Ye & Hu, 1984.
- Philautus menglaensis Kou, 1990.
- Philautus microdiscus (Annandale, 1912).
- Philautus microtympanum (Günther, 1858).
- Philautus mittermeieri Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005.
- Philautus mjobergi Smith, 1925.
- Philautus mooreorum Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005.
- Philautus namdaphaensis Sarkar & Sanyal, 1985.
- Philautus nanus (Günther, 1869). (extinct)
- Philautus nasutus (Günther, 1869). (extinct)
- Philautus neelanethrus Gururaja, Aravind, Ali et al., 2007.[3]
- Philautus nemus Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus ocellatus Liu & Hu In Liu, Hu, Fei & Huang, 1973.
- Philautus ochlandrae Gururaja et al., 2007.
- Philautus ocularis Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus odontotarsus Ye & Fei In Ye, Fei & Hu, 1993.
- Philautus oxyrhynchus (Günther, 1872). (extinct)
- Philautus pallidipes (Barbour, 1908).
- Philautus papillosus Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus pardus Meegaskumbura et al., 2007. (extinct)
- Philautus parvulus (Boulenger, 1893).
- Philautus petersi (Boulenger, 1900).
- Philautus petilus Stuart & Heatwole, 2004.
- Philautus pleurotaenia (Boulenger, 1904).
- Philautus poecilius Brown & Alcala, 1994.
- Philautus poppiae Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005.
- Philautus popularis Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus procax Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus refugii Inger & Stuebing, 1996.
- Philautus regius Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus reticulatus (Günther, 1869).
- Philautus rhododiscus Liu & Hu, 1962.
- Philautus romeri Smith, 1953.
- Philautus rugatus (Ahl, 1927). (extinct)
- Philautus rus Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus sahai Sarkar & Ray, 2006.
- Philautus sanctisilvaticus Das & Chanda, 1997.
- Philautus sarasinorum (Müller, 1887).
- Philautus saueri Malkmus & Riede, 1996.
- Philautus schmackeri (Boettger, 1892).
- Philautus schmarda (Kelaart, 1854).
- Philautus semiruber (Annandale, 1913) - validity uncertain.
- Philautus shillongensis Pillai & Chanda, 1973.
- Philautus signatus (Boulenger, 1882).
- Philautus silus Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus silvaticus Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus simba Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus similipalensis Dutta, 2003.
- Philautus similis Kampen, 1923.
- Philautus sordidus Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus steineri Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005.
- Philautus stellatus (Kelaart, 1853). (extinct)
- Philautus stictomerus (Günther, 1876).
- Philautus stuarti Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005.
- Philautus supercornutus Orlov, Ho & Nguyen, 2004.
- Philautus surdus (Peters, 1863).
- Philautus surrufus Brown & Alcala, 1994.
- Philautus tectus Dring, 1987.
- Philautus temporalis (Günther, 1864). (extinct)
- Philautus terebrans Das & Chanda, 1998.
- Philautus tinniens (Jerdon, 1854).
- Philautus travancoricus (Boulenger, 1891). (extinct)
- Philautus tuberohumerus Kuramoto & Joshy, 2003.
- Philautus tytthus Smith, 1940.
- Philautus umbra Dring, 1987.
- Philautus variabilis (Günther, 1858). (extinct)
- Philautus vermiculatus (Boulenger, 1900).
- Philautus viridis Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
- Philautus vittiger (Boulenger, 1897).
- Philautus worcesteri (Stejneger, 1905).
- Philautus wynaadensis (Jerdon, 1854).
- Philautus zal Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. (extinct)
- Philautus zimmeri (Ahl, 1927). (extinct)
- Philautus zorro Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Biju, S. D. (2003) Reproductive mode in the shrub frog Philautus glandulosus (Jerdon, 1853) (Anura: Rhacophoridae). Current Science. 84(3):283-284 PDF
- ^ Bahir, M. M. , M. Meegaskumbura, K. Manamendra-Arachchi, C. J. Schneider & R. Pethiyagoda. 2005. Reproduction and terrestrial direct development in Sri Lankan shrub frogs (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae: Philautus). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 12:339-350 PDF
- ^ Gururaja, KV and Aravind, NA and Ali, S and Ramachandra, TV and Velavan, TP and Krishnakumar, V and Aggarwal, RK (2007) A New Frog Species from the Central Western Ghats of India,and Its Phylogenetic Position. Zoological Science 24:pp. 525-534. Text
[edit] References
- Gururaja, KV and Dinesh, KP and Palot, MJ and Radhakrishnan, C and Ramachandra, TV (2007) A new species of Philautus Gistel (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa 1621:pp. 1-16. PDF
- Manamendra-Arachchi, K.& R. Pethiyagoda. 2005 The Sri Lankan shrub-frogs of the genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae), with description of 27 new species. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 12:163-303 PDF
- Meegaskumbura, M. & K. Manamendra-Arachchi. 2005. Description of eight new species of shrub-frogs (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae: Philautus) from Sri Lanka. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 12:305-338. PDF
