2 Live Crew
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| 2 Live Crew | |
|---|---|
| Origin | Miami, Florida |
| Genre(s) | Rap/Hip-Hop Miami Bass Dirty Rap |
| Years active | 1985 - Present |
| Label(s) | Fresh Beat / Macola Records Luke Records Lil Joe Records |
| Members | |
| Luke Skyywalker Fresh Kid Ice Mr. Mixx Amazing V. Brother Marquis Verb Dj Ballistic Billy |
|
2 Live Crew is a rap group. They caused considerable controversy with the sexual themes in their work, particularly on their 1989 album As Nasty As They Wanna Be.
Contents |
[edit] Early career
2 Live Crew was created by David "Treach DJ Mr. Mixx" Hobbs in Riverside, California, with fellow rappers Chris (Fresh Kid Ice) Wongwon, and Yuri (Amazing Vee) Vielot. The 3 met at March AFB Riverside, CA, as they were enlisted in the Air Force.[citation needed] Along with giving local parties on and off base, they recorded their first singles through Macola Records Distribution in Los Angeles, CA. They released "Revelation" in 1984; the single sold well in Florida, encouraging the group to release What I Like. In 1986, due to the popularity of the new single Throw the D**k, the group, including new member Mark "Brother Marquis" Ross replacing Amazing Vee due to military commitments, relocated to Miami and teamed up with Ghetto Style DJ's and soon to be manager and eventual performer Luther Campbell, who used the nickname "Luke Skyywalker" (and was subsequently sued by George Lucas[1]).
Throw The Dick, with its fast dance tempo, turntable scratching explicit phrases from comedy albums, stuttering voice samples, and the Roland TR-808 drum machine brought a new sound to the group, penned as The Miami Bass Sound. David "Treach DJ Mr. Mixx" Hobbs was credited with the production.
The year 1987 saw the release of The 2 Live Crew Is What We Are, featuring profane and sexually graphic lyrics. Rudy Ray Moore's comedy albums and other XXX assorted comedy albums provided the material for most of the explicit samples that "Mr. Mixx" used. The album was produced by Mr. Mixx. Bob Rosenberg of Will to Power did trick edits on Beat Box and was billed "King of the Edits". The record went gold. Though the controversy did not rise to the levels the group would reach in the future, a Florida store clerk was charged and acquitted of felony charges for selling the album to a fourteen-year-old girl in 1987.
Campbell decided to sell a separate clean version in addition to the explicit version of the next album, Move Somethin' (1988), produced by Mr. Mixx. A record store clerk in Alexander City, Alabama was cited for selling a copy to an undercover police officer in 1988. It was the first time in the United States that a record store owner was held liable for obscenity over music. The charges were dropped after a jury found the record store not guilty.
[edit] As Nasty As They Wanna Be
As Nasty As They Wanna Be (1989) became the group's biggest hit, largely because of the single "Me So Horny", which was popular in spite of little radio rotation, thanks, in part, to prevalent play on MTV. The song was based on a quote from a Vietnamese prostitute in Stanley Kubrick's Full Metal Jacket and took a sample from Mass Production's Firecracker. This album was also produced by Mr. Mixx
The American Family Association did not think the presence of a "Parental Advisory" sticker was enough to adequately warn listeners of what was inside the case. Jack Thompson, a lawyer affiliated with the AFA, met with Florida Governor Bob Martinez and convinced him to look into the album to see if it met the legal classification of obscene. In 1990 action was taken at the local level and Nick Navarro, Broward County sheriff received a ruling from Judge Mel Grossman that probable cause for obscenity violations existed [2]. Navarro warned record store owners that selling the album may be prosecutable. 2 Live Crew filed a suit against Navarro. That June, Judge Jose Gonzalez ruled against the album, declaring it obscene and illegal to sell. Charles Freeman, a local retailer, was arrested two days later, after selling a copy to an undercover police officer. This was followed by the arrest of three members of 2 Live Crew after they performed some material from the album at a live performance. They were acquitted soon after. In 1992, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit overturned the obscenity ruling from Jose Gonzales, and the Supreme Court of the United States refused to hear Broward County's appeal. A notable feature of the case was the distinguished literary critic and now Harvard University professor, Henry Louis Gates, Jr. as an "expert witness" on behalf of the defendants. He argued that the material that the county alleged was profane, actually had important roots in African-American vernacular, games, and literary traditions and should be protected.
As a result of the controversy, As Nasty As They Wanna Be sold over two million copies. It peaked at #29 on The Billboard 200 and #3 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. A few other retailers were later arrested for selling it as well. Later heavy metal band Van Halen sued over an uncleared sample of their song Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love in the 2 Live Crew Song "The Fuck Shop". The publicity then continued when George Lucas, owner of the Star Wars universe, sued Campbell for appropriating the name from his franchise. Campbell changed his stage name to Luke (and changed the record label's name to Luke Records) and then released an extremely political solo album, Banned in the USA after obtaining permission to use an interpolation of Bruce Springsteen's Born in the U.S.A. 2 Live Crew paraphernalia with the Luke Skyywalker or Skyywalker logos are usually sought after as collector's items.
In 1991, 2 Live Crew released the very first live rap album, Live in Concert, and Sports Weekend, a full-length studio original. It peaked at #22 on The Billboard 200 and #19 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It did not gain the same sales level that they experienced with As Nasty As They Wanna Be. The 2 Live Crew members went their separate ways after this. Luke pursued his solo music career and other projects.
In 1992, Fresh Kid Ice released unreleased tracks from pre-Luke 2 Live Crew Deal With This under the name Rock on Crew, while Luke and Ice also released new solo albums, I Got Shit on My Mind and The Chinaman, respectively.[citation needed]
Mark "Brother Marquis" Ross co-starred alongside Fred Williamson in the film South Beach and started a new group with Aldrin "DJ Toomp" Davis, a former member of Poison Clan, which was also signed to Campbell's label. They named the group 2 Nazty, and released the album "Indecent Exposure" on Attitude Records in 1993. The single was called "Can't Say I Love You," but it did not chart, and the group never released a second album. The single was a departure from the typical 2 Live nasty rhymes, and focuses on what a deep emotion love is, and how it should not be said to anyone lightly. The rest of the album sounds like a 2 Live Crew record, and focuses on sexual exploits of the members.
The hard feelings over the split of the 2 Live Crew is apparent on the album, as Marquis is heard on the track "Interview" saying he was fired from the group, and that the other members had no love for him. DJ Toomp also has a line in "Be My Bitch" comparing signing a deal with Skyywalker Records to signing your life away.[citation needed]
[edit] The New 2 Live Crew
1994 saw Luke, Fresh Kid Ice and a new addition to the group, Verb, regrouping as The New 2 Live Crew, issuing Back at Your Ass for the Nine-4. This album peaked at #52 on The Billboard 200 and #9 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. The New 2 Live Crew broke up in 1995.
[edit] "Oh, Pretty Woman" lawsuit
During this time the lawsuit brought about by the estate of Roy Orbison, the copyright owners of "Oh, Pretty Woman," went to the Supreme Court. The Crew had parodied the original on the album As Clean As They Wanna Be without permission. The Supreme Court adopted a rule from an earlier Ninth Circuit case Fisher v. Dees. 794 F.2d 432 (9th Cir. 1986) involving Rick Dees, and ruled that 2 Live Crew's parody was fair use.[3]
[edit] Reunions
Luke, Fresh Kid Ice, Brother Marquis and Mr. Mixx re-formed again to record "Hoochie Mama" for the soundtrack to the movie Friday. Plans to reunite for an album were short-lived, as Fresh Kid Ice, Mr. Mixx, and Brother Marquis left Luke and Luke Records to go to Lil' Joe Records and released Shake a Lil' Somethin' (1996). This album was their last album to make the Billboard 200, peaking at #145. It peaked at #33 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.
Mr. Mixx left soon after, leaving Fresh Kid Ice and Brother Marquis to record The Real One in 1998. It peaked at #59 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. In 1998, Brother Marquis became a born-again Christian, quit the group, and began devoting himself to combating what he sees as the "evils" that he as a member of 2 Live Crew portrayed and glorified. His born again status/views on music changed back to his roots as he worked with an LA rock/rap group called the Shake Joint and released a solo album that contained explicit lyrics.
2 Live Crew performed at the 2005 Gathering of the Juggalos.
In late 2007, 2 Live Crew announced on their MySpace page that Brother Marquis and Fresh Kid Ice will be releasing an album sometime in 2008.[citation needed]
[edit] Discography
| Album Information |
|---|
The 2 Live Crew Is What We Are
|
Move Somethin'
|
As Nasty As They Wanna Be
|
As Clean As They Wanna Be
|
Banned in the U.S.A.
|
Live in Concert
|
Sports Weekend: As Nasty As They Wanna Be, Pt. 2
|
Deal With This
|
Back at Your Ass for the Nine-4
|
The Original 2 Live Crew
|
Shake a Lil' Somethin'
|
The Real One
|
Private Personal Parts
|
Stop Playin'
|
[edit] Singles
- "Hoochie Mama"
- "Get It Girl"
- "Freaky Behavior"
- "Revelation"
- "Do Wah Diddy Diddy" hit #62 on R&B charts, 1988
- "Throw The Dick"
- "Move Somethin'" hit #53 on R&B charts, 1988
- "Me So Horny" hit #26 on the pop charts, #34 on R&B charts, Oct. 1989
- "Yakety Yak"
- "Banned In The U.S.A." hit #20 on the pop charts, #13 on R&B charts, Aug. 1990
- "We Want Some Pussy"
- "Face Down, Ass Up"
- "C'mon Babe"
- "Mama Junita" hit #47 on R&B charts, 1990
- "The Fuck Shop"
- "Do The Bart" hit #76 on R&B charts, 1991
- "Pop That Coochie" hit #58 on the pop charts, #55 on R&B charts, 1991
- "Hangin' With the Homeboys"
- "Who's Fuckin' Who"
- "Yeah Yeah" hit #93 on R&B charts, 1994
- "You Go Girl" hit #88 on R&B charts, 1994
- "Freestyle"
- "Shake A Lil' Somethin'" hit #72 on the pop charts, #59 on R&B charts, 1996
- "Do The Damn Thing" hit #75 on R&B charts, 1997
- "Be My Private Dancer"
- "2 Live Party" hit #52 on R&B charts, 1998
- "The Real One" hit #60 on R&B charts, 1998
- "Raise the Roof" hit #26 on the pop charts, #20 on R&B charts, May 1998
[edit] References
- ^ "2 Live Crew biography" [1]
- ^ Conyers, David. "Sheriff files suit over rap album", St. Petersburg Times, March 28, 1990, page 4b.
- ^ Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569 (1994).
[edit] External links
