2S1

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2S1

2S1 "Gvozdika"
Type Self-propelled artillery
Place of origin Flag of the Soviet Union Soviet Union
Specifications
Weight 16 tons
Length 7.26 m
Width 2.85 m
Height 2.73 m
Crew 4
Armor 20 mm
Primary
armament		 2A18 122 mm howitzer
Secondary
armament		 none
Engine YaMZ-238N diesel
220 kW (300 hp)
Operational
range		 500 km
Speed 60 km/h (road)
30 km/h (off-road)

The 2S1 Gvozdika (Russian: 2С1 «Гвоздика»; English: carnation) is a Soviet 122-mm self-propelled howitzer that resembles the PT-76 but is essentially a version of the MT-LB APC. "2S1" is its GRAU designation. Alternative Russian designation is SAU-122 but in the Russian Army it is commonly known as Gvozdika ("Carnation"). The 2S1 is fully amphibious with very little preparation, and once afloat is propelled by its tracks. It is NBC protected and has infra-red night-vision capability.

Contents

[edit] Production history

The first prototype was ready in 1969. The S21 entered service with the Soviet Army in the early 1970s and was first seen in public at a Polish Army parade in 1974. The vehicle was deployed in large numbers (72 per tank division, 36 per motorized rifle division). Designated the M1974 by the US Army. Manufactured in Bulgarian, Polish and Russian state factories.

[edit] Variants

[edit] former Soviet Union

  • MT-LBu - Bigger variant of the MT-LB, has the longer chassis and stronger engine of the 2S1.
  • UR-77 "Meteorit" (ustanovka razminirovaniya) - mine clearing vehicle with turret-like superstructure for two launch ramps. These are used to fire mine clearance hoses UZP-77 with rockets into a mine field after which the hoses are command detonated. This way, an area of 90 by 6 m can be cleared. The UR-77 is the successor for the BTR-50 based UR-67.
  • RKhM "Kashalot" (razvedivatel’naya khimicheskaya mashina) - chemical reconnaissance vehicle with detection, marking and alarm devices. This model has the hull shape and single rear of the 2S1 but the short chassis and machine gun turret of the MT-LB. Former Western designator: ATV M1979/4.
    • RKhM-K - command version with additional signal equipment but without sensors or markers.

[edit] Poland

  • 2S1M - upgrade with amphibious kit.

[edit] Romania

  • Model 89 - Romanian variant that uses a modified version of the hull of the MLI-84.

[edit] Iran

  • Raad-1 (thunder) - Iranian variant that is based on the hull of the Boragh APC.

[edit] Bulgaria

  • BMP-23 (bojna mashina na pekhotata) - infantry fighting vehicle with 23mm gun 2A14 and ATGM 9K11 "Malyutka" in a 2-man turret. The chassis is based on the one from the MT-LB but with components of the 2S1 and fitted with a 315hp engine.
    • BMP-23D - improved version with 9K111 "Fagot" and smoke grenade launchers.
    • BRM-23 - reconnaissance version. Prototype.
  • BMP-30 - similar chassis as the BMP-23 but with the complete turret of the Soviet-made BMP-2. Only 10 build.

[edit] Sudan

  • Abu Fatma - this appears to be a licence version.

[edit] Operators

Serbian Army 2S1 Gvozdika self-propelled howitzers during fire exercises.
Serbian Army 2S1 Gvozdika self-propelled howitzers during fire exercises.
A disguised Finnish 2S1 self-propelled howitzer.
A disguised Finnish 2S1 self-propelled howitzer.
Croatian Ground Army Gvozdika
Croatian Ground Army Gvozdika

[edit] Former Operators

An Iraqi M-1974 122mm self-propelled howitzer lies stranded in the desert after being deserted by Iraqi forces during Operation Desert Storm.
An Iraqi M-1974 122mm self-propelled howitzer lies stranded in the desert after being deserted by Iraqi forces during Operation Desert Storm.
Serbian 2S1 SPH captured by HVO during Bosnian War.
Serbian 2S1 SPH captured by HVO during Bosnian War.

[edit] Combat history

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Belarus Army Equipment
  2. ^ Russian Army Equipment
  3. ^ Ground Forces Equipment - Ukraine

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Soviet and post-Soviet armoured fighting vehicles after World War II
Tanks
T-10 · T-54 · T-55 · PT-76 · T-62 · T-64 · T-72 · T-80
Russian: T-90 · Black Eagle · T-95 Ukrainian: T-72MP · T-80UD · T-84
Armoured personnel carriers
Tracked
BTR-50 · MT-LB
Wheeled
BTR-40 · BTR-152 · BTR-60 · BTR-70 · BTR-80
Russian: BTR-90 Ukrainian: BTR-3 · BTR-4 · BTR-94
Infantry fighting vehicles
BMP-1 · BMP-2 · BMP-3 · BMD-1 · BMD-2 · BMD-3
Russian: BMD-4 · BMP-4 · BTR-T · BMP-T
Armoured scout cars
BRDM-1 · BRDM-2
Self-propelled artillery
2S1 Gvozdika · 2S3 Akatsiya · 2S4 Tyulpan · 2S5 Giatsint · 2S7 Pion · 2S9 Anona · 2S19 Msta · 2S23 Nona-SVK · 2S30 Iset · 2S31 Vena · ASU-57 · ASU-85
Multiple rocket launchers
BM-14 · BM-21 Grad · BM-24 · BM-25 · BM-27 Uragan · TOS-1 · BM-30 Smerch
Surface-to-surface missiles
FROG-7 · 9K79 Tochka (SS-21 Scarab) · R-400 Oka (SS-23 Spider)
Russian: Iskander (SS-26 Stone)
Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons
Self-propelled anti-aircraft guns
ZSU-57-2 · ZSU-23-4 · 2S6 Tunguska
Self-propelled surface-to-air missile launchers
2K11 Krug (SA-4 Ganef) · 2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful) · 9K22 Tunguska (SA-19 Grison) · 9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9 Gaskin) · 9K33 Osa (SA-8 Gecko) · 9K35 Strela-10 (SA-13 Gopher) · 9K37 Buk (SA-11 Gadfly) · 9K330 Tor (SA-15 Gauntlet) · S-300 (SA-10 Grumble)
Russian: Pantsyr-S1 · 9K38 Buk-M1-2 (SA-17 Grizzly)
List of armoured fighting vehicles by country