Robert Hecht Jr.

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Robert Emmanuel Hecht Jr (b. 3 June 1919, Baltimore, Maryland) is the leading antiquities dealer of his generation. He is currently on trial in Italy on charges of conspiring to traffic in looted artifacts.

Hecht made his first significant sales in the 1950s, including the dispersal of the collection of Ludwig Curtius, former director of the German Archaeological Institute in Rome, and later the sale of a late 6th century BC red figure vase to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. In the 1960s and 1970s he reached a pre-eminent position in the trade. Known throughout the museum world for his scholarship and his ‘eye’ for antiquities,^{[citation needed]} he sold to all the world’s major museums including the British Museum, the Louvre, the Metropolitan, the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and to many private collectors all over the world. Other dealers tended to give him first refusal on their ‘finds’.^{[citation needed]} It was a period when major museums and serious collectors in Europe, the USA, and Japan did not feel it their responsibility to enforce the export laws of southern European countries.^{[citation needed]} Hecht has always worked on the assumption that it is the preservation and study of ancient art that really matters, not provenance.^{[citation needed]} In the 1970s Bruce McNall was his "secret United States partner."^[1]

The sale of a magnificent Euphronios krater to the Metropolitan Museum of Art for $1 million in 1972 catapulted Hecht into instant fame and international problems. The Italians claimed that the vase was excavated illegally in Cerveteri, north of Rome. An American Grand Jury, investigating the Euphronios krater at the request of the Italians — whose evidence came from a tomb robber — found the provenance unproven. However in 2006, continuing pressure from Italy led Philippe de Montebello, director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, to negotiate a deal which gives the Italians ownership of the vase.

Hecht has had wrangles with both the Italian and Turkish authorities but was acquitted in the only lawsuit to reach Italy’s Supreme Court of Cassation (Suprema Corte di Cassazione).

In 2005 Hecht was indicted by the Italian government, together with Marion True, the J. Paul Getty Museum’s former curator of antiquities, for conspiracy to traffic in illegal antiquities. The primary evidence in the case came from the 1995 raid of a Geneva, Switzerland warehouse which had contained a fortune in stolen artifacts. Italian art dealer Giacomo Medici was eventually arrested in 1997; his operation was thought to be "one of the largest and most sophisticated antiquities networks in the world, responsible for illegally digging up and spiriting away thousands of top-drawer pieces and passing them on to the most elite end of the international art market"^[2]. Medici was sentenced in 2004 by a Rome court to ten years in prison and a fine of 10 million euros, "the largest penalty ever meted out for antiquities crime in Italy"^[3]. The court hearings of the case against Hecht and True continue. On January 18, 2008, a 2,500-year-old vase by Greek artist Euphronius, sold to the Metropolitan Museum of Art by Hecht, was returned to Rome, Italy.

Robert Hecht is a descendant of the family that founded The Hecht Company, a chain of department stores based in Baltimore where he grew up. He graduated from Haverford College in 1941, having majored in Latin, was a naval officer during WW2, and after it spent a stint as interpreter at the War Crimes Investigation in Nuremberg and one year at the University of Zurich studying archaeology and classical philology before winning a Rome Prize Fellowship for the American Academy in Rome (1947-49). In 1953 he married Elizabeth Chase, a graduate student of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. They have three daughters and currently reside in Paris.

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• Questions for Philippe de Montebello Stolen Art? Interview by Deborah Solomon. New York Times Feb. 19, 2006
• The New York Times June 21, 2006. Antiquities Dealer on Trial in Getty Case Is Vexed but Unbowed. By Elisabetta Povoledo
• The New York Times January 14, 2006. Defendant in Antiquities Case Speaks Up, Angrily. By Elisabetta Povoledo
• Peter Watson and Cecilia Todeschini, 2006. The Medici Conspiracy: The Illicit Journey of Looted Antiquities: From Italy's Tomb Raiders to the World's Greatest Museums (New York:Public Affairs, 2006)
• The New York Review of Books Volume 53, Number 9 · May 25, 2006. Review Notes from Underground by Hugh Eakin
• The New York Times April 5, 2006. A Clash Over Antiquities by John Henry Merryman
• The New York Times February 28, 2006. Met Chief, Unbowed, Defends Museum's Role.By Randy Kennedy and Hugh Eakin
• The New York Review of Books Volume 53, Number 12 · July 13, 2006 by Cecilia Todeschini, Peter Watson, Reply by Hugh Eakin In response to Notes from Underground (May 25, 2006)
• Eleanor Robson, Luke Treadwell and Chris Gosden (eds), 2006. “Who Owns Objects:The Ethics and Politics of Collecting Cultural Artefacts” (Oxford:Oxbow Books)
• Thomas Hoving, 1993. “Making the Mummies Dance” (New York: Simon and Schuster)
• John L. Hess, 1974. The Grand Acquisitors (New York: Houghton Mifflin) Two chapters are devoted to the Metropolitan Museum's cautious acquisition of the Euphronios krater.