Renewable energy policy
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Renewable energy policy is the principal driver of the growth in renewable energy use. Renewable energy policy targets exist in some 66 countries around the world, and public policies to promote renewable energy use have become more common in recent years. At least 60 countries have some type of policy to promote renewable power generation. Mandates for solar hot water in new construction are becoming more common at both national and local levels. Mandates for blending biofuels into vehicle fuels have been enacted in 17 countries.
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[edit] Overview
The principal driver of today's rapid renewable energy growth is policy. Growth of renewables is strongest where and when the policy-makers have established favourable policy frameworks. In many countries, a rich and diverse policy landscape exists at national and local levels.[1]
Renewable energy policy targets exist in at least 66 countries around the world, including the 27 European Union countries, 29 U.S. states, and 9 Canadian provinces. Most targets are for shares of electricity production, primary energy, and/or final energy for a future year. Most targets aim for the 2010–2012 timeframe, although an increasing number of targets aim for 2020, and there is now an EU-wide target of 20% of final energy by 2020, and a Chinese target of 15% of primary energy by 2020. In addition, targets for biofuels now exist in several countries, including an EU-wide target of 10% biofuel share of transport energy by 2020.[2]
[edit] Power generation
Public policies to promote renewable energy use have become more common in recent years. At least 60 countries, 37 developed countries and 23 developing countries, have some type of policy to promote renewable power generation. The most common policy is the feed-in law. By 2007, at least 37 countries and 9 states/provinces had adopted feed-in tariffs. Some 44 states, provinces, and countries have enacted renewable portfolio standards (RPS), also called renewable obligations or quota policies.[3] There are also many other forms of policy support for renewable power generation, including investment subsidies or rebates, tax incentives and credits, sales tax exemptions, direct production payments (tax credits per kWh), green certificate trading, and net metering.[4]
[edit] Solar hot water
Mandates for solar hot water in new construction are becoming more common at both national and local levels. For many years Israel was the only country with a national level mandate, but Spain followed in 2006 with a national building code that requires minimum levels of solar hot water and solar photovoltaics in new construction and renovation.[5]
[edit] Biofuels
Mandates for blending biofuels into vehicle fuels have been enacted in 17 countries at the national level and at least 36 states/provinces. Most mandates require blending 10–15 percent ethanol with gasoline or blending 2–5 percent biodiesel with diesel fuel.[6]
[edit] See also
- Eric Martinot
- Global warming
- List of countries by electricity production from renewable source
- Renewable energy commercialization
- Renewable energy industry
[edit] References
- ^ Renewable Energy Policies
- ^ REN21 (2008). Renewables 2007 Global Status Report (PDF) p. 7.
- ^ REN21 (2008). Renewables 2007 Global Status Report (PDF) p. 22.
- ^ REN21 (2008). Renewables 2007 Global Status Report (PDF) p. 25.
- ^ REN21 (2008). Renewables 2007 Global Status Report (PDF) p. 26.
- ^ REN21 (2008). Renewables 2007 Global Status Report (PDF) p. 27.
[edit] Bibliography
- HM Treasury (2006). Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, 575 pages.
- International Energy Agency (2006). World Energy Outlook 2006: Summary and Conclusions, OECD, 11 pages.
- International Energy Agency (2007). Renewables in global energy supply: An IEA facts sheet, OECD, 34 pages.
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (2006). Non-technical Barriers to Solar Energy Use: Review of Recent Literature, Technical Report, NREL/TP-520-40116, September, 30 pages.
- REN21 (2008). Renewables 2007 Global Status Report, Paris: REN21 Secretariat, 51 pages.
- United Nations Environment Program (2006). Changing climates: The Role of Renewable Energy in a Carbon-constrained World, January, 33 pages.
- Worldwatch Institute and Center for American Progress (2006). American energy: The renewable path to energy security, 40 pages.
