Nisqually River
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Nisqually River | |
|---|---|
 I-5 crosses the Nisqually River near its mouth.
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| Country | United States |
| State | Washington |
| Districts | Nisqually Indian Reservation, Fort Lewis |
| Length | 81 mi (130 km) |
| Watershed | 517 sq mi (1,339 km²) [1] |
| Discharge at | La Grande, WA |
| - average | 1,460 cu ft/s (41 m³/s) [2] |
| - maximum | 5,220 cu ft/s (148 m³/s) |
| - minimum | 460 cu ft/s (13 m³/s) |
| Source | Mount Rainier |
| - location | Nisqually Glacier |
| - coordinates | [3] |
| - elevation | 4,809 ft (1,466 m) [4] |
| Mouth | Puget Sound |
| - location | Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge |
| - coordinates | [5] |
| - elevation | 0 ft (0 m) |
| Major tributaries | |
| - left | Little Nisqually River |
| - right | Mashel River |
The Nisqually River (pronounced /nɪskwɑːli/) is a river in west central Washington in the United States, approximately 81 mi (130 km) long. It drains part of the Cascade Range southwest of Tacoma, including the southern slope of Mount Rainier, into the southern end of Puget Sound. Nisqually-1, a specimen of Populus trichocarpa, grew on the bank of Nisqually river. Its genome sequence was published in 2006.
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[edit] Course
The river rises in southern Mount Rainier National Park, fed by the Nisqually Glacier on the southern side of Mt. Rainier. It flows west along the Pierce-Lewis county line, then northwest through the foothills, forming the boundary between Pierce and Thurston counties. It traverses the Nisqually Indian Reservation in its lower 10 mi (16 km) and enters Puget Sound approximately 15 mi (24 km) ENE of Olympia.
It is impounded for hydroelectricity by the Alder Dam, completed in 1944, and the La Grande Dam, completed in 1945.
[edit] History
The Nisqually River is the traditional territorial center of the Nisqually tribe that shares its name and also lived throughout southern Puget Sound. The Treaty of Medicine Creek, one of the major Northwest treaties between Washington territory and the native population of Puget Sound, was signed near a creek at the site of what is now a wildlife refuge near the delta of the river. The Nisqually were moved from the river and much of the surrounding region after the signing of the treaty, settling on a reservation on Puget Sound east of Olympia. After a period of resistance by the Nisqually tribe, including such leaders as Chief Leschi, a new reservation three times the size of the original was established on the river.
In 1917, the US Army occupied the Nisqually reservation, ordered people from their homes, and later condemned most of the reservation to build Fort Lewis.[6]
In the 1960s and 1970s, the Nisqually pursued their fishing rights along the river, which were stated in the Treaty of Medicine Creek but had been ignored. Nisqually tribal members, acting in concert with the nearby Puyallup tribe, endured harassment and arrest to fish in traditional waters. This led to the 1974 Boldt Decision that granted all native tribes in Washington state the right to 50% of the fish within their traditional territories.
[edit] Tributaries
- Muck Creek
- Yelm Creek
- Tanwax Creek
- Ohop Creek
- Mashel River
- Little Nisqually River
- East Creek
- Mineral Creek
- Big Creek
[edit] Cities and towns on the Nisqually
[edit] References
- ^ United States Geological Survey; Nisqually River at McKenna, WA; retrieved April 20, 2007.
- ^ United States Geological Survey; Nisqually River at La Grande, WA; retrieved April 20, 2007 (used instead of McKenna gage due to power canal river diversion).
- ^ United States Geological Survey; USGS GNIS: Nisqually River; retrieved April 20, 2007.
- ^ Google Earth elevation for GNIS source coordinates. Retrieved April 20, 2007.
- ^ United States Geological Survey; USGS GNIS: Nisqually River; retrieved April 20, 2007.
- ^ Nisqually (tribe); Nisqually Indian Tribe - History; retrieved on May 7, 2007.
