James Peter Allaire
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| James Peter Allaire | |
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| Born | July 12, 1785 New Rochelle, New York, USA (Probable). or Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, Canada (Possible) |
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| Died | Howell Works, New Jersey |
| Cause of death | Old Age (Age of 73; after a brief illness) |
| Burial place | Allaire Family Cemetery, Old Huguenot Cemetery, New Rochelle, New York |
| Residence | New York Colony and State |
| Nationality | American Colonist (United States) |
| Education | Less than Elementary (undocumented) |
| Occupation | Industrialist, Engineer, Inventor, Merchant, Philanthropist |
| Employers | Allaire Iron Works (1815&-2000) Howell Iron Works (1831&-1999) |
| Political party | American Loyalist (Familial) |
| Religious beliefs | Huguenot |
| Spouse | Frances Duncan (January 25, 1804 - March 23, 1836) Calicia Allaire Tompkins (1846 - May 20, 1858 |
| Partner | Charles Soutinger |
| Children | 10 Maria Haggerty Allaire Andrews Hal Allaire (b. 5 October 1847) |
| Parents | Peter Alexander Allaire |
| Website http://www.adairevillage.org |
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James Peter Allaire (b. July 12th, 1785 - d. 1858) was a noted master mechanic and steam engine builder, and founder of Allaire Works (est. 1815), the first steam engine company in New York City, and later Howell Works (est. 1831, in Wall Township, New Jersey. His credits also include e building both the first compound-type engine for marine use and the first New York City tenement structure. [1]
We do know, though, that members the Allaire Family held Loyalist views during the and fled to Canada.
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[edit] Loyalism to the British Crown
Allaire was born either in his family's ancestral home city of New Rochelle, New York, or under self-preserving exile in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, Canada. A large number of "Tory" Loyalist individuals and families fled New York to Canada during the British evacuation of New York after the Paris Peace Treaty of 1783 ended the United States War of Independence, including branches of the Allaire Family that took residence in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. Petitions to the Continental Congress in 1784 by a Peter A. Allaire of New York, a Colonial American Loyalist, indicates a high probability that the relevant branch of the Allaire family may have remained in New York during and after the British evacuation.
who had fled to Canada from their ancestral home in New Rochelle, New York New York when the British evacuated New York City after the signing of the Paris Peace Treaty in 1783. The exiled Allaire patriarch returned with his family to New York City sometime after 1793, purchased a house at , and found worked as a livery stabler.
In 1802, at the age of 17, his oldest son, James Peter, began working for Francis Elsworth, a brass founder in the city. Allaire would marry Frances Duncan, a distant cousin, two years later, and he continued to advance at the brass foundry. They would eventually have nine children, five of whom lived to adulthood.
By 1806, having learned the brass business, Allaire opened his own foundry. Before the War of 1812, Allaire’s foundry received an order from Robert Fulton to make the brass works for the Clermont, the first commercially successful steamboat. After Fulton’s death in 1815, Allaire leased that gentleman’s Jersey City, NJ shop and tolls from the estate. He then took as a partner Charles Soutinger, Fulton’s chief engineer. Under that partnership, Allaire and Stoutinger built the engine for Fulton’s last steamship design, The Chancellor Livingston, as well as the air cylinder for the Savannah, the first steam powered vessel to successfully cross the Atlantic.
When Soutinger died shortly thereafter, Allaire removed the business to Corlear’s Hook, NY in lower Manhattan where his brass foundry was located. By 1820, Allaire was operating that largest marine engine building shop in the United States. He personally held a number of patents for steam engine improvements developed at his shop, which was known as the James P. Allaire Works.
During the War of 1812, an embargo on British products and goods caused businessmen like Allaire much difficulty in procuring the resources needed for America's fledgling industrial base. For Allaire, the embargo created a scarcity of iron stock necessary for his manufacturing operations and led him to look at acquiring a satisfactory means of assuring a steady, inexpensive supply of raw materials.
What initially interested Allaire in the property now know as Historic Allaire Village} was the presence of significant quantities of bog iron ore. This bog ore, so called because of its formation in marshes and swampy areas, was a valuable resource in America before the discovery of vast ore deposits in the mountains of Northern New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Unlike the latter ore, bog ore is easily accessible and requires no deep shaft of trip mining to get it.
More significantly, bog ore is a renewable resource when minded and utilized with care. It is produced when rain water leaches out humic and tannic acids and carbon dioxide, which is produced as a part of the natural life-cycle of microorganisms in the soil. Part of this leachate consists of iron particles from deeper in the soil. As the water passes through these areas of loamy soil, also called marl, it deposits a solution of iron carbonate which rises up to the surface. His iron carbonate then combines with the surface soil and, over time, hardens into a solid mass. This process only takes about 25 to 35 years, making it an ideal, almost perpetual resource for industry but only if treated with respect. If the ore bed is left undeveloped and unpolluted, the beds can be minded indefinitely. Farther south in New Jersey. The operators of furnaces were forced to purchase ore from Staten Island, New York, because the ore beds had been over-mined. [2]
[edit] Family
[edit] Anthony Allaire
Allaire's uncle, Anthony Allaire, with the British Armies during the war under the infamous Col. Tartleton and Major Patrick Ferguson’s famed rifle corps during the Carolina campaigns. It was Col. Tartleton who issued the notorious decree offering freedom to any slave wishing to join his army.
