User:Benjah-bmm27/MakingMolecules
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[edit] Making molecules
I've had a few messages on my talk page asking how to make 3D images of molecules like the ones I upload.
Here's how:
- Download Accelrys Discovery Studio Visualizer 2.0 for Windows or Linux
- Install the program
- You can create structures in three ways.
-
- Either download and open an existing 3D file in a format such as .mol or .pdb.
- Or draw a structure in ChemDraw (or equivalent), then copy and paste it to DS Visualizer, which will make it 3D for you.
- Or, finally, in DS Visualizer, go View > Toolbars > Sketching and some pencil-like icons will appear. Use these to make add atoms, chains and rings of carbon atoms. Use the periodic table button, or right-click, to get a list of elements to which you can change any of these carbons.
- Adjust the lighting to give a sense of depth to your model - I use these settings
- Orient the molecule in the way you'd like it to appear in your final image
- Choose a style in which to render your molecule: CPK (van der Waals radii), ball and stick, stick, polyhedra or wire
- Check what you see in front of you is how you want the completed image to look
- Select File > Save As and choose a filename
- Set the file type as Image Files (*.png, *.jpg, *.jpeg, *.bmp)
- Select an appropriately large image size - I use 2000px height
- Save the image
- Edit the image in, for example, Photoshop
- Resize the image to something sensible for Wikipedia, like 1000px width
- this is better than saving the image to 1000px width from DS Visualizer because it makes for a smoother, antialiased image
- Add a border of 50px to top, bottom, left and right (i.e. 100px extra height and 100px extra width)
- Save as a high-quality PNG-24 and upload to the Commons
If this is insufficient information to get you going, just let me know and I'll do my best to help.
Have fun making molecules!
Ben
[edit] Making crystal structures
To make lattices such as lithium iodide, you need information on its crystal structure.
One of the best places to download such information is here. Search for a mineral my name or chemical composition (type (Na,Cl)- to search for minerals containing only Na and Cl). You'll usually get several options. Choose carefully, because there are often crystal structures under extreme conditions there. If you're making an illustration for an article on stibnite, for example, you'll want to show the structure at room temperature and pressure. You won't want to choose the 1000 K, 20 GPa structure!
- First check the file you have chosen is what you actually want - click View JMOL 3-D Structure
- If you're happy with it, click Download CIF data to get the unit cell.
- Open the .cif file in DS Visualizer - you'll see the unit cell marked out with grey lines
- Render it as ball-and-stick or polyhedra
- To make the lines of the unit cell disappear, press ctrl+D and select the cell tab - then click hide or something
- To extend the structure in 1, 2 or 3 dimensions, open Structure > Crystal Cell > Edit Parameters > Preferences tab > View Range - A is the number of unit cells along the x-axis, B is the number along the y-axis and C along the z-axis
- Voilà
There are also quite a few inorganics here, although these are not available as unit cells - they're just pseudo-molecules. You can't make them extend to dimensions of your choice.
Be careful with CIFs!
Save yourself time and trouble. For a while, I was downloading CIFs and the crystal structures I generated from them did not look like the ones in the textbooks. Eventually I realised the reason is that with certain CIFs, DS Visualizer doesn't recognise the space group information that should be encoded in the CIF. To fix the problem, you need to know the correct space group for the structure you're drawing.
- You may need to adjust the symmetry options to make all the atoms appear. Go Structure > Crystal Cell > Edit Parameters > Space Groups and select the correct space group from the 230 options available.
- You may then also need to adjust the symmetry display style to get the view you want. Go Structure > Crystal Cell > Edit Parameters > Preferences and choose one of the four options from the Symmetry Style drop-down menu. The One Cell option is often the most appropriate.
[edit] Images
Images moved to my website after being earmarked for deletion on Wikipedia:
[edit] Colour palette
| Group → | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | ||
| Period ↓ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 H |
2 He |
||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3 Li |
4 Be |
5 B |
6 C |
7 N |
8 O |
9 F |
10 Ne |
||||||||||||
| 3 | 11 Na |
12 Mg |
13 Al |
14 Si |
15 P |
16 S |
17 Cl |
18 Ar |
||||||||||||
| 4 | 19 K |
20 Ca |
21 Sc |
22 Ti |
23 V |
24 Cr |
25 Mn |
26 Fe |
27 Co |
28 Ni |
29 Cu |
30 Zn |
31 Ga |
32 Ge |
33 As |
34 Se |
35 Br |
36 Kr |
||
| 5 | 37 Rb |
38 Sr |
39 Y |
40 Zr |
41 Nb |
42 Mo |
43 Tc |
44 Ru |
45 Rh |
46 Pd |
47 Ag |
48 Cd |
49 In |
50 Sn |
51 Sb |
52 Te |
53 I |
54 Xe |
||
| 6 | 55 Cs |
56 Ba |
* |
72 Hf |
73 Ta |
74 W |
75 Re |
76 Os |
77 Ir |
78 Pt |
79 Au |
80 Hg |
81 Tl |
82 Pb |
83 Bi |
84 Po |
85 At |
86 Rn |
||
| 7 | 87 Fr |
88 Ra |
** |
104 Rf |
105 Db |
106 Sg |
107 Bh |
108 Hs |
109 Mt |
110 Ds |
111 Rg |
112 Uub |
113 Uut |
114 Uuq |
115 Uup |
116 Uuh |
117 Uus |
118 Uuo |
||
| * Lanthanides | 57 La |
58 Ce |
59 Pr |
60 Nd |
61 Pm |
62 Sm |
63 Eu |
64 Gd |
65 Tb |
66 Dy |
67 Ho |
68 Er |
69 Tm |
70 Yb |
71 Lu |
|||||
| ** Actinides | 89 Ac |
90 Th |
91 Pa |
92 U |
93 Np |
94 Pu |
95 Am |
96 Cm |
97 Bk |
98 Cf |
99 Es |
100 Fm |
101 Md |
102 No |
103 Lr |
|||||
