Pope Pius IX
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| motto: Crux de Cruce | |
| Birth name | Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti |
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| Born | May 31, 1792 Senigallia, Italy |
| Died | February 7 1878 (aged 85) Apostolic Palace, Vatican City |
| Papacy from | June 16, 1846 – 7 February, 1878 |
| Came after | Pope Gregory XVI |
| Came before | Pope Leo XIII |
Pope Pius IX (May 13, 1792 – February 7, 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from his election in June 16, 1846, until his death more than 31 years later in 1878, making him the longest-reigning Pope since the Apostle St. Peter. Pius IX was elected as the candidate of the liberal and moderate wings on the College of Cardinals, following the pontificate of arch-conservative Pope Gregory XVI. Initially sympathetic to democratic and modernizing reforms in Italy and in the Church, Pius became increasingly conservative after he was deposed as the temporal ruler of the Papal States in the events that followed the Revolutions of 1848. He formally defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception and organized the First Vatican Council, which defined the dogma of papal infallibility.
