James Alipius Goold
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James Alipius Goold (November 4, 1812 – June 11, 1886) was an Australian Augustinian friar and the founding Roman Catholic Bishop and Archbishop of Melbourne in Australia.
Originally an Irishman, he was born in Cork and was sent to Perugia, Italy after his novititate where he studied with the Augustinians. From 1695 until the 19th Century, Irish students for the Catholic priesthood were often sent to the Continent to study because of the harsh English Penal laws in Ireland and England designed to protect the establishment of the Church of England. Goold was ordained on 9 July 1835, aged 23. In 1837 he was appointed to the student house of the Irish Augustinians in Rome, but in Easter 1837 he had a chance meeting on the steps of the Augustinian church of Santa Maria del Popolo with Benedictine William Bernard Ullathorne, Vicar General of New Holland (Australia)[1]. Ullathorne was in Rome recruiting priests for Australia, and Goold was convinced by Ullathorne to commit himself to seven years of missionary work in Australia, subject to his order's approval.
Goold arrived in Australia in 1838 aboard the Upton Castle. Also on board were Governor George Gipps and Lady Gipps. He worked initially with Archbishop John Bede Polding in Sydney, becoming parish priest at Campbelltown- where he built and subsequently opened St John's Church in 1841.
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[edit] Goold as Bishop and Archbishop
Pope Pius IX nominated him bishop for Melbourne, and he was consecrated bishop by John Bede Polding on 6 August 1848 (the feast of the Transfiguration) in old St Mary's Cathedral Sydney. He transferred to Melbourne, travelling overland in 19 days, being installed on 8 October 1848 in his first Cathedral, St Francis Church in Lonsdale street. Goold was only the second Roman Catholic bishop in Australia. He arrived in his new town to find only two Catholic church buildings, four priests in the diocese, no religious sisters or brothers, and a population around 11,000 [1]. Five acres of land on Eastern Hill, after negotiations begun in 1848, were finally granted by the crown on 1 April 1851 and shortly afterwards became the site of St Patrick's cathedral and the bishop's palace. The discovery of gold in this year enormously increased the population of Melbourne, and it was realized that the church of St Patrick that had been begun would not be worthy of the growing city. It was decided to build a great cathedral — St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne. In 1858 William Wardell, then government architect, was asked to draw up the plans, and the first stone of the new building was laid in December 1858. For the remainder of Goold's life he was much occupied with the raising of funds for the cathedral. Within thirteen years of arriving in Melbourne, the capable and determined Goold had increased the number of church buildings in Melbourne to 64.
As an Irishman of his times and immediate history, Goold had experienced the consequences of sectarianism, and in Australia rather famously disputed the title of "Bishop of Melbourne" with the then Anglican bishop of Melbourne, Dr Charles Perry. Under Australian law (unlike British law at the time) Goold was found to have equal right to the title.[2]
Goold was an expansionist. He attempted to persuade his home Irish province of the Augustinians to establish a seminary and novitiate in Melbourne. Though the Irish province agreed to Goold's requests in principle, the plan did not come to fruition in his lifetime. The first Australian Augustinian was not ordained until 1940, and the Australian Province was not formally established as separate from its Irish founding province until 1952.
The Irish province was already sending missionaries to the USA, India and England, and did not then consider an Australian foundation viable. Nevertheless, Goold commenced the building of Melbourne's St Patrick's Cathedral on December 8th, 1858. In order to expand Catholic education, in 1857 Bishop Goold succeeded in bringing the Mercy Sisters from Perth into the diocese. He also introduced the Irish Christian Brothers to Melbourne in 1865. Goold engaged enthusiastically in Australian public debate over the issue of State Aid for Catholic education, and was politically pro-active in opposing what he referred to as the 'godless compulsory education' of state schools.
In 1870 Goold attended the First Vatican Council in Rome, where he also met with three other Augustinian and Irish bishops. On 10 May 1874, while still in Rome, Goold was made Archbishop of Melbourne. Towards the end of his life his health began to suffer but it was difficult to persuade him to relax from his duties. He died at Melbourne on 11 June 1886.
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b Arneil, Stan pp. 34 "Out Where the Dead Men Lie" (The Augustinians in Australia 1838 -1992) Augustinian Press Brookvale (1992). pp37.ISBN 0-949826-03-0
- ^ Under British law at the time, no Roman Catholic Bishop was permitted to be named bishop of a diocese with the same name as an Anglican diocese (eg. the Catholic bishop of Westminster was effectively the Catholic Bishop of London, but not permitted to be called so).
[edit] References
- Martin O.S.A, Rev. F.X. (1986). A Great Battle Bishop James A. Goold of Melbourne (1848-64) and the State Aid for Religion Controversy. Ireland and Irish- Australia:studies in cultural and political history. Croom Helm London.
- Hogan, J. F. (1886). A Biographical Sketch of the Late Most Rev. James Alipius Goold. (Australia), Melbourne.
- O'Farrell, Patrick (1977). The Catholic Church and Community in Australia. Thomas Nelson (Australia), West Melbourne.
- Arneil, Stan; "Out Where the Dead Men Lie" (The Augustinians in Australia 1838 -1992) Augustinian Press Brookvale (1992) ISBN 0-949826-03-0
- Serle, Percival (1949). "Goold, James Alipius". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
[edit] External links
| Preceded by none |
1st Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne (1848-1874 (as bishop); 1874-1886 (as archbishop)) |
Succeeded by Thomas Carr |
