Intercosmos

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Intercosmos ("ИнтерКосмос" Interkosmos) was a space exploration program run by the Soviet Union to allow members from military forces of allied Warsaw Pact countries to participate in manned and unmanned space exploration missions. Participation was also made available to governments of sympathetic countries, such as France, with Jean-Loup Chrétien's mission to the Mir spacestation, India, etc. The most notable Intercosmos missions were the manned space flight missions that enabled 14 non-Soviets to participate in Soyuz space flights between 1978 and 1988. Unmanned satellite launches were also part of the program.

[edit] Manned missions

Date		Prime	Backup	Country	Mission
February 3, 1978		Vladimír Remek	Oldřich Pelčák	Czechoslovakia	Soyuz 28
June 27, 1978		Miroslaw Hermaszewski	Zenon Jankowski	Poland	Soyuz 30
August 26, 1978		Sigmund Jähn	Eberhard Köllner	East Germany	Soyuz 31
April 10, 1979		Georgi Ivanov	Aleksandr Aleksandrov	Bulgaria	Soyuz 33
May 26, 1980		Bertalan Farkas	Bela Magyari	Hungary	Soyuz 36
July 23, 1980		Tuân Pham	Thanh Liem Bui	Vietnam	Soyuz 37
September 18, 1980		Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez	Jose Lopez Falcon	Cuba	Soyuz 38
March 23, 1981		Zhugderdemidiyn Gurragcha	Maidarzhavyn Ganzorig	Mongolia	Soyuz 39
May 14, 1981		Dumitru Prunariu	Dumitru Dediu	Romania	Soyuz 40
June 24, 1982		Jean-Loup Chrétien	Patrick Baudry	France	Soyuz T-6
April 2, 1984		Rakesh Sharma	Ravish Malhotra	India	Soyuz T-11
July 22, 1987		Muhammed Ahmed Faris		Syria	Soyuz TM-3
July 6, 1988		Aleksandr Aleksandrov		Bulgaria	Soyuz TM-5
August 29, 1988		Abdul Ahad Mohmand	Mohammad Dauran Ghulam Masum	Afghanistan	Soyuz TM-6

[edit] Unmanned missions

• 1970 November 28 - Vertikal-1 Aeronomy/Ionosphere/Solar mission.
• 1971 August 20 - Vertikal-2 Solar Ultraviolet/Solar X-ray mission.
• 1972 April 7 - Intercosmos 6 - Investigation of primary cosmic radiation and meteoritic particles in near-earth outer space.
• 1975 June 3 - Intercosmos 14
• 1975 September 2 - Vertikal-3 Solar Ultraviolet/Solar X-ray mission.
• 1976 - Re-entry Vehicle Test mission.
• 1976 June 19 - Intercosmos 15. Testing of new systems and components of satellite under space flight conditions.
• 1977 March 29 - Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
• 1977 June 17 - Signe 3 - Twenty French specialists worked on the satellite.
• 1977 August 30 - Vertikal-5 Solar Ultraviolet/Solar X-ray mission.
• 1977 September 24 - Intercosmos 17 - Investigation of energetic charged and neutral particles and micrometeorite fluxes in circumterrestrial space.
• 1977 October 25 - Vertikal-6 Ionosphere/Solar mission?.
• 1978 October 24 - Intercosmos 18 - Conduct of complex investigations on the interaction between the magnetosphere and ionosphere of the earth. Cooperation with the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the Hungarian People's Republic, the Polish People's Republic and the Socialist Republic of Romania.
• 1978 October 24 - Magion 1 - The Czechoslovak satellite MAGION was launched into orbit by the Soviet spacecraft Intercosmos 18
• 1978 November 3 - Vertikal-7 Ionosphere/Solar mission
• 1979 February 27 - Intercosmos 19 - Cooperation with the People's Republic of Bulgaria, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the Hungarian People's Republic and the Polish People's Republic.
• 1979 September 26 - Vertikal-8 Solar Ultraviolet/Solar X-ray mission.
• 1979 November 1 - Intercosmos 20. (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the Hungarian People's Republic and the Socialist Republic of Romania).
• 1981 - Re-entry Vehicle Test mission.
• 1981 February 6 - Intercosmos 21 - (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the Hungarian People's Republic and the Socialist Republic of Romania)
• 1981 August 7 - Intercosmos 22. (People's Republic of Bulgaria with the assistance of Soviet scientists).
• 1981 August 28 - Vertikal-9 Solar Ultraviolet/Solar X-ray mission.
• 1981 September 21 - Oreol 3 - Developed by Soviet and French specialists under the joint Soviet-French project 'Arkad-3'.
• 1985 April 26 - Intercosmos 23 - Developed by scientists and specialists o f the USSR and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.
• 1986 December 18 - Cosmos 1809
• 1989 September 28 - Magion 2 - Magion 2 forms a part of the scientific programme of Intercosmos 24 (project Aktivnyj) Execution of the scientific programe of the 'Aktivny' project in conjunction with Intercosmos-24, permitting simultaneous spatially separating investigations of plasma processes in circumterrestrial space.
• 1989 September 28 - Intercosmos 24 - US participation, in cooperation with Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania (the international scientific project entitled 'Aktivny'). Carrying the Czechoslovak Magion-2 satellite.
• 1991 December 18 - Intercosmos 25 - experiments from Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary. Comprehensive study of the effects of artificial impact of modulated electron flows and plasma beams on the ionosphere and magnetosphere of the Earth (forming part of the Apex international scientific project, conducted jointly with Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania.)
• 1991 December 18 - Magion 3
• 1994 March 2 - Intercosmos 26 - Conduct of comprehensive investigations of the sun under the Coronas-I international project developed by Russian and Ukrainian experiments in cooperation with specialists from Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Bulgaria, France, and the United Kingdom.

[edit] References

This article does not cite any references or sources. (December 2007) Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.