Albrecht von Graefe

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Albrecht von Gräfe
Image:Albrecht-von-Gräfe.jpg Albrecht von Graefe
Born	May 22, 1828 Berlin
Died	July 20, 1870
Nationality	German
Fields	oculist

Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Albrecht von Gräfe (May 22, 1828–July 20, 1870), was a pioneering German ophthalmologist.

Graefe was born in Berlin, the son of Karl Ferdinand von Gräfe. At an early age he showed a preference for mathematics, but this was gradually superseded by an interest in natural science, which led him ultimately to the study of medicine. After studying at Berlin, Vienna, Prague, Paris, London, Dublin and Edinburgh, and having devoted special attention to ophthalmology, in 1850 he began to practice as an oculist in Berlin. He founded a private institution there for the treatment of eyes, which became the model of many similar clinics in Germany and Switzerland.

In 1853 he was appointed teacher of ophthalmology at the University of Berlin; in 1858 he became an Extraordinary Professor, and in 1866 an Ordinary Professor. Graefe contributed greatly to ophthalmological science, particularly by the establishment in 1855 of his Archiv für Ophthalmologie, in which von Arlt and Franciscus Donders collaborated. Perhaps his two most important discoveries were his method of treating glaucoma and a new operation for cataract. He was also regarded as an authority in diseases of the nervous system and brain. He died at Berlin on 20 July 1870.

The eponymous "Gräfe's sign" is associated with Graves-Basedow disease.

[edit] References

• See Ein Wort der Erinnerung an Albrecht von Gräfe (Halle, 1870) by his cousin, Alfred Gräfe (1830-1899), also a distinguished ophthalmologist, and the author of Das Sehen der Schielenden (Wiesbaden 1897); and E Michaelis, Albrecht von Gräfe. Sein Leben und Wirken (Berlin,1877).
• Tan, S Y & Zia, J K (2007), “Albrecht von Gräfe (1828-1870): founder of scientific ophthalmology.”, Singapore medical journal 48 (9): 797-8, 2007 Sep, PMID:17728957, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17728957> 
• Klopstock, T (2004), “[Albrecht von Gräfe (1828-1870) Notes on the cover picture]”, Der Nervenarzt 75 (8): 831, 2004 Aug, PMID:15175855, doi:10.1007/s00115-004-1736-1, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15175855> 
• Emel'ianova, N A & Iakovlev, A A, “[Albrecht von Gräfe--an outstanding German ophthalmologist (his life, medical and scientific activities)]”, Vestnik oftalmologii 117 (6): 54-5, PMID:11845701, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11845701> 
• Kohnen, T (2000), “The ASCRS honouring of Albrecht von Gräfe. American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery.”, Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 238 (9): 807, 2000 Sep, PMID:11045351, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11045351> 
• Haas, L F (1998), “Albrecht von Gräfe (1828-70).”, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 64 (4): 504, 1998 Apr, PMID:9576543, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9576543> 
• Remky, H (1995), “Albrecht von Graefe. Facets of his work. On the occasion of the 125th anniversary of his death (20 July 1870)”, Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 233 (9): 537-48, 1995 Sep, PMID:8543203, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8543203> 
• Verdaguer, J (1992), “[Albrecht von Gräfe: The man and his time]”, Revista médica de Chile 120 (9): 1070-9, 1992 Sep, PMID:1340988, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1340988> 
• Koelbing, H M & Speiser, P (1990), “[The Graefe memorial stone--in memory of A. von Graefe's contributions in Heiden]”, Gesnerus 47 Pt 1: 109-17, 1990, PMID:2184097, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2184097> 
• Jaeger, W, “[Numismatic history of the von Gräfe Medal of the German Ophthalmological Society]”, Klinika oczna 90 (4-5): 186-7, PMID:3071653, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3071653> 
• Kyle, R A & Shampo, M A (1980), “Albrecht von Gräfe.”, JAMA 244 (1): 20, 1980 Jul 4, PMID:6991724, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6991724> 
• Führmeister, H (1980), “[Copies of the majolica bas-reliefs form the Albrecht von Graefe Monument in Berlin, installed in the Halle polyklinik (author's transl)]”, Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 176 (5): 867-9, 1980 May, PMID:7003219, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7003219> 
• Blodi, F C (1979), “Ophthalmology and philately: I. Ophthalmologists on stamps.--Albrecht von Graäfe (1828-1870).”, Arch. Ophthalmol. 97 (9): 1653, 1979 Sep, PMID:383052, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/383052> 
• Kettesy, A (1975), “[The polemics on strabogenesis between A. v. Gräfe and F. C. Donders (author's transl)]”, Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 167 (6): 785-91, 1975 Dec, PMID:775177, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/775177> 
• “[Von Graefe-prize. Determinations]”, Bericht über die Zusammenkunft. Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft 71: 755-6, 1972, 1972, PMID:4582045, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4582045> 
• “[Statute concerning the award and grant of the "Gräfe medal"]”, Bericht über die Zusammenkunft. Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft 71: 755, 1972, 1972, PMID:4582044, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4582044> 
• Wachholz, E A (1972), “[Cataract knife and cataract incision from Jean Jacques Daviel to Albrecht von Gräfe]”, Bericht über die Zusammenkunft. Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft 71: 709-12, 1972, PMID:4582039, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4582039> 
• Goldmann, H (1971), “[Albrecht von Gräfe and glaucoma]”, Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie. Albrecht von Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 181 (2): 94-106, 1971, PMID:4929756, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4929756> 
• Rintelen, F (1971), “[Albrecht von Gräfe, his personality and his times]”, Albrecht von Gräfes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie. Albrecht von Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 181 (2): 79-93, 1971, PMID:4929755, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4929755> 
• Cooper, S N (1970), “Editorial. Albrecht von Gräfe.”, Journal of the All-India Ophthalmological Society 18 (4): 150-3, 1970 Dec, PMID:4945054, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4945054> 
• Toselli, C (1970), “[In memory of Albrecht von Gräfe. (1828-1870)]”, Annali di ottalmologia e clinica oculistica 96 (9): 433-51, 1970 Sep, PMID:4932709, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4932709> 
• Böck, J (1970), “[Centenial of the death of Albrecht von Graefe]”, Albrecht von Gräfes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie. Albrecht von Gräfe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 180 (2): 93, 1970, PMID:4918512, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4918512> 
• Hoffmann-Axthelm, W (1969), “[The von Gräfe family and their estate "Finkenherd" in the Berlin zoological garden]”, Bericht über die Zusammenkunft. Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft 69: 685-706, 1969, PMID:4901495, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4901495> 
• “Albrecht von Graefe (1828-1870).”, JAMA 197 (4): 292-3, 1966, 1966 Jul 25, PMID:5328336, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5328336> 
• “"Dr. Albrecht von Gräfe in Behrenstrasse will treat free of charge the eye diseases of the poor".”, Arch. Ophthalmol. 74 (4): 545-8, 1965, 1965 Oct, PMID:5320138, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5320138> 
• LEOPOLD, I H, “Albrecht von Graefe.”, Diabetes 7 (2): 151-4, PMID:13512131, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13512131> 
• KUGELBERG, F (1950), “[Albrecht von Gräfe, 1828-1870; memorial lecture at the Swedish Medical Association meeting on the 10th of October 1950.]”, Svenska läkartidningen 47 (51): 2954-63, 1950 Dec 22, PMID:14798580, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14798580> 
• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

[edit] External links

• Graefe's sign at WhoNamedIt
• Biography and bibliography in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science